tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82236001051214067962024-03-05T07:58:39.927-08:00ALL About Networking System Administration And OthersNetworking, Server, Software, Security, Firewall, Games, Windows, Linux, Router, OthersPondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-829857812591250862013-08-27T23:02:00.002-07:002013-08-27T23:02:18.037-07:00Citra Indah Citra Gran Perumahan Terbaik Kawasan CibuburPondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-64469129691445901262012-10-24T22:21:00.003-07:002012-10-24T22:35:04.839-07:00Cara Membuat Tunneling VPN Server L2TP Over IPSec Server dengan Openswan di Centos 5.6<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebelumnya penulis pernah membuat VPN atau Tunneling menggunakan OpenVPN dengan judul <a href="http://pondoklukman.blogspot.com/2012/08/install-dan-konfigurasi-openvpn-server.html" target="_blank">Install dan Konfigurasi OpenVPN Server di Centos 5.6</a> . Pada kesempatan ini penulis mencoba membuat VPN atau Tunneling dengan menggunakan Openswan. Apa itu Openswan ?</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Openswan merupakan implementasi dari protokol IPSec ( IP Security ) di linux. Pengembanganya berasal dari FreeS/WAN. Tujuan dari Frees/WAN untuk membuat IPSec menjadi metode standar untuk pengamanan jaringan internet. Frees/WAN sudah tidak dikembangkan lagi sejak adanya isu politik. Selain Openswan ada Strongswan yang melakukan pengembangan lebih lanjut dari Frees/WAN. Untuk saat ini penulis hanya akan melakukan Instalasi dan Konfigurasi L2TP Over IPSec menggunakan Openswan. Mari kita langsung ke caranya.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Berikut tahapan - tahapannya dalam melakukan Instalasi dan Konfigurasi, mohon disimak baik baik.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
yum install openswan</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
vim /etc/ipsec.conf<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
config setup<br />
nat_traversal=yes<br />
virtual_private=%v4:169.16.0.0/24,%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12,%v4:10.152.2.0/24<br />
oe=off<br />
protostack=netkey<br />
<br />
conn L2TP-PSK-NAT<br />
rightsubnet=vhost:%priv<br />
also=L2TP-PSK-noNAT<br />
<br />
conn L2TP-PSK-noNAT<br />
authby=secret<br />
pfs=no<br />
auto=add<br />
keyingtries=3<br />
rekey=no<br />
ikelifetime=8h<br />
keylife=1h<br />
type=transport<br />
left=202.xxx.xxx.xxx<br />
leftprotoport=17/1701<br />
right=%any<br />
rightprotoport=17/%any</blockquote>
<br />
vim /etc/ipsec.secrets atau vim /etc/ipsec.d/ipsec.secrets<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
202.xxx.xxx.xxx %any: PSK "oke"</blockquote>
Ganti 1 menjadi 0 yang ada di /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/accept_redirects<br />
<br />
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/send_redirects </blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk1SanYoTzepsJz40HVmSmOn1qKDbWAPwzr2P7yJfLCZO38d1qWIaxpFxYp_lJyJsB7Ev3Cq97CDueydVNKymnlzdpoUBkXbacfQP3Cv6zzVALxtZxXlaRfZPdnbGSaJZ605qHLiQZLSk/s1600/bni.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>Untuk bisa install L2PD maka update atau instal terlebih dahulu epel, sesuaikan dengan versi centosnya. Untuk centos 5 bisa menggunakan alamat ini ;<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
atau<br />
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
yum install xl2tpd</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
vim /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
[global]<br />
ipsec saref = no<br />
<br />
[lns default]<br />
ip range = 10.152.2.2-10.152.2.254<br />
local ip = 10.152.2.1<br />
require chap = yes<br />
refuse pap = yes<br />
require authentication = yes<br />
ppp debug = yes<br />
pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd<br />
length bit = yes</blockquote>
yum install ppp<br />
<br />
vim /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
refuse-mschap-v2<br />
refuse-mschap<br />
ms-dns 8.8.8.8<br />
ms-dns 8.8.4.4<br />
asyncmap 0<br />
auth<br />
lock<br />
hide-password<br />
local<br />
name l2tpd<br />
proxyarp<br />
lcp-echo-interval 30<br />
lcp-echo-failure 4</blockquote>
vim /etc/ppp/chap-secrets<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
# Secrets for authentication using CHAP<br />
# client server secret IP addresses<br />
####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (begin) ##########<br />
####### redhat-config-network will overwrite this part!!! (end) ############<br />
pondoklukman l2tpd hilapdui *</blockquote>
<br />
Sampai disini setting untuk Tenneling L2TP Over IPSec sudah selesai. Jalankan servicenya ipsec dan xl2tpd<br />
<br />
/etc/init.d/ipsec start<br />
/etc/init.d/xl2tpd start<br />
<br />
Sekarang periksa apakah konfigurasi ipsec sudah benar<br />
<br />
ipsec verify<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Checking your system to see if IPsec got installed and started correctly:<br />
Version check and ipsec on-path [OK]<br />
Linux Openswan U2.6.32/K2.6.18-238.el5 (netkey)<br />
Checking for IPsec support in kernel [OK]<br />
SAref kernel support [N/A]<br />
NETKEY: Testing for disabled ICMP send_redirects [OK]<br />
NETKEY detected, testing for disabled ICMP accept_redirects [OK]<br />
Checking that pluto is running [OK]<br />
Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500 [OK]<br />
Pluto listening for NAT-T on udp 4500 [OK]<br />
Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK]<br />
Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing [OK]<br />
Checking for 'ip' command [OK]<br />
Checking /bin/sh is not /bin/dash [OK]<br />
Checking for 'iptables' command [OK]<br />
Opportunistic Encryption Support [DISABLED] </blockquote>
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="id"><span class="hps">Jangan</span> <span class="hps">khawatir</span> mengenai</span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="id"> SAref kernel support statusnya N/A dan <span class="hps"></span></span><span class="" id="result_box" lang="id"><span class="hps">Opportunistic Encryption Support yang statusnya Disable</span><span class="hps"></span><span class="">.</span> <span class="hps">Pastikan</span> <span class="hps">pemeriksaan</span> <span class="hps">yang lainnya</span><span class="hps"></span> <span class="hps">OK</span><span class="">.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="id"><span class="">Jika pada saat ipsec diverifikasi ada error misalnya, seperti ini</span></span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="" id="result_box" lang="id"><span class=""> </span></span>NETKEY: Testing for disabled ICMP send_redirects [FAILED]<br />
<br />
Please disable /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/*/send_redirects<br />
or NETKEY will cause the sending of bogus ICMP redirects!<br />
<br />
NETKEY detected, testing for disabled ICMP accept_redirects [FAILED]<br />
<br />
Please disable /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/*/accept_redirects<br />
or NETKEY will accept bogus ICMP redirects!</blockquote>
<br />
Ini berarti pada saat melakukan penggantian 1 menjadi 0 yang ada di /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ ada yang belum diubah.<br />
<br />
Sampai disini Cara Membuat Tunneling VPN Server L2TP Over IPSec Server Menggunakan Openswan sudah berhasil.<br />
<br />
Selamat Mencoba !<br />
<br />
Untuk artikel selanjutnya akan membahas mengenai koneksi client ke ipsec server pada kesempatan yang lain.<br />
<br />
Terima kasih<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-17736795462331773952012-09-24T02:02:00.000-07:002012-09-24T02:07:15.373-07:00Cara Membuat Satu Ethernet LAN Card Memiliki Banyak Alamat IP Address di Linux<div style="text-align: justify;">
Apakah bisa 1 Ethernet LAN Card memiliki banyak atau beberapa alamat IP Address ? Apakah mungkin bisa ?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tentu saja jawabannya pasti bisa. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bagaimana caranya 1 Ethernet LAN Card memiliki banyak atau beberapa alamat IP Address ? </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tentu saja jawabannya dengan cara membuat virtual ip address.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Bagaimana caranya membuat virtual ip address ?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tentu saja jawabannya akan dibahas sebagai berikut ini:</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dalam satu ethernet lan card biasanya terdapat satu alamat ip address. Di Linux sebuah network lan card bisa di setting banyak atau beberapa alamat ip address. Ethernet Lan Card di linux akan terdeteksi sebagai eth0 jika memiliki satu network, dan akan terdeteksi eth0 dan eth1 jika memiliki dua network dan seterusnya. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Misal Ethernet Lan Card eth0 sudang disetting ip 192.168.10.1/24 dan kita akan menambahkan 192.168.10.2/24 pada Ethernet Lan Card yang sama atau eth0 memiliki dua alamat ip address.</div>
<br />
Ifconfig sebelum menambakan alamat ip address<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx <br />
inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0<br />
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<br />
RX packets:3180659 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0<br />
TX packets:4360676 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0<br />
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 <br />
RX bytes:370904903 (353.7 MiB) TX bytes:4483635003 (4.1 GiB)<br />
Memory:fafe0000-fb000000</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
lo Link encap:Local Loopback <br />
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0<br />
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host<br />
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1<br />
RX packets:5159993 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0<br />
TX packets:5159993 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0<br />
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 <br />
RX bytes:2216863115 (2.0 GiB) TX bytes:2216863115 (2.0 GiB)</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
</blockquote>
<br />
Berikut cara untuk menambahkan alamat ip address <br />
<br />
1. Pindah directory untuk memudahkan dalam konfigurasi<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</blockquote>
2. Copy konfigurasi eth0 yang ada di ifcfg-eth0<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
cp ifcfg-<b><span style="color: red;">eth0</span></b> ifcfg-<b><span style="color: red;">eth0:0</span></b></blockquote>
3. Konfigurasi yang ada di ifcfg-eth0<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
vim ifcfg-eth0</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>DEVICE="<span style="color: red;">eth0</span>"</b><br />
BOOTPROTO="static"<br />
BROADCAST="192.168.10.255"<br />
HWADDR="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"<br />
<b>IPADDR="192.168.10.1"</b><br />
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"<br />
NETWORK="192.168.10.0"<br />
NM_CONTROLLED="no"<br />
ONBOOT="yes"<br />
TYPE="Ethernet"</blockquote>
4. Ubah konfigurasi di ifcfg-eth0:0<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
vim ifcfg-eth0:0 </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>DEVICE="<span style="color: red;">eth0:0</span>"</b><br />
BOOTPROTO="static"<br />
BROADCAST="192.168.10.2.255"<br />
HWADDR="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"<br />
<b>IPADDR="192.168.10.2"</b><br />
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"<br />
NETWORK="192.168.10.0"<br />
NM_CONTROLLED="no"<br />
ONBOOT="yes"<br />
TYPE="Ethernet"</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5. Perhatikan yang diubah hanya bagian yang dipertebal, jika memiliki gateway dan dns tinggal menambahkan berikut ini dibawah NETWORK Perhatikan pula tanda <b>" "</b> tidak semua konfigurasi menggunakan tanda <b>" "</b> sesuaikan dengan kondisi konfigurasi awal menggunakan <b>" "</b> atau tidak.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
GATEWAY="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" seusaikan dengan gateway anda<br />
DNS1="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" sesuaikan dengan preferred DNS Server<br />
DNS2="xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" sesuaikan dengan alternate DNS Server</blockquote>
6. Jika konfigurasi sudah selesai jangan lupa untuk restart networknya<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
service network restart<br />
atau<br />
/etc/init.d/network restart</blockquote>
<br />
7. Jika ingin menambah alamat ip address, copy kembali konfigurasi dan konfigurasi sesuai kebutuhan.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
cp ifcfg-<b><span style="color: red;">eth0</span></b> ifcfg-<b><span style="color: red;">eth0:1</span></b></blockquote>
<br />
8. Hasil Ifconfig setelah menambahkan alamat ip address.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: red;"><b>eth0</b></span> Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx <br />
inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0<br />
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<br />
RX packets:302414 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0<br />
TX packets:368886 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0<br />
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 <br />
RX bytes:61397239 (58.5 MiB) TX bytes:422573681 (402.9 MiB)<br />
Interrupt:17 <br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b>eth0:0</b></span> Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx <br />
inet addr:192.168.10.2 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0<br />
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<br />
Interrupt:17 <br />
<br />
lo Link encap:Local Loopback <br />
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0<br />
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host<br />
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1<br />
RX packets:5159993 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0<br />
TX packets:5159993 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0<br />
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 <br />
RX bytes:2216863115 (2.0 GiB) TX bytes:2216863115 (2.0 GiB)</blockquote>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pengalaman penulis pada waktu konfigurasi menggunkan ip private karena masih di local tidak ada masalah ip 192.168.10.1 dan ip 192.168.10.2 bisa di ping baik di komputernya sendiri maupun di komputer lain yang masih satu network. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tetapi ketika penulis menerapkannya menggunakan ip public di internet ternyata ada masalah ip yang ke dua tidak bisa di ping dari internet. Permasalahanya ternyata settingan di router ISP belum di allow. Jadi jika anda mau konfigurasi untuk menggunakan ip public hubungi dulu ISP langganan anda, dan tanyakan jatah range ip address yang anda dapatkan? dan apakah sudah ditambahkan routing untuk range ip address anda.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Semoga bermanfaat !</div>
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<br />PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-28583242672752972442012-09-18T04:01:00.003-07:002012-09-18T04:02:22.354-07:00Membuat Tabungan Haji<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Haji berasal dari kata hajj, yang artinya mengunjungi sesuatu. Menurut istilah dapat diartikan mengunjungi Bait Allah ( Ka'bah ) untuk menjalankan ibadah pada waktu yang sudah ditentukan.
Ibadah Haji perlu persiapan yang matang, mulai dari jasmani dan rohani serta keuangan yang mencukupi. Salah satu hambatan utama untuk pergi ibadah haji bagi kebanyakan orang yaitu merasa keuangan yang tidak pernah cukup, karena untuk bisa berangkat ibadah haji membutuhkan biaya besar. Alasan keuangan inilah yang menyebabkan tidak semua orang bisa berangkat haji. Meskipun ada sebagian orang memiliki keuangan sangat cukup untuk berangkat ibadah haji, namun tidak didukung dengan jasmani dan rohani yang sehat.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Bagi orang yang memilki jasmani dan rohani yang sehat, namun tidak memiliki keuangan yang cukup untuk berangkat ibadah haji. Bisa mempersiapkannya dengan membuka Tabungan Haji. Tabungan Haji dikhususkan untuk para nasabah yang ingin menunaikan ibadah haji, tabungan ini hampir sama dengan tabungan biasa. Namun memiliki beberapa keuntungan, berikut beberapa jenis Tabungan Haji :</span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_-dnIW4greVQEql-UXEu26A6G8FA1tm2qwtik1IXFDdPwip5fq2ylg03qiBtdqqkGpFkcrwZPisixzfwCaNIkGSWopqmiiwYwMZakACHTHq6oxxUzYC-0yup8-oMEE-3oe7oB_dCJQE/s1600/muamalat.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2_-dnIW4greVQEql-UXEu26A6G8FA1tm2qwtik1IXFDdPwip5fq2ylg03qiBtdqqkGpFkcrwZPisixzfwCaNIkGSWopqmiiwYwMZakACHTHq6oxxUzYC-0yup8-oMEE-3oe7oB_dCJQE/s200/muamalat.jpeg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>Tabungan Haji Arafah</b></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Tabungan haji dalam mata uang rupiah yang dikhususkan bagi Anda masyarakat muslim Indonesia yang berencana menunaikan ibadah Haji</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Peruntukkan :</span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Perorangan usia 18 tahun ke atas (secara individu atau kelompok)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fitur Unggulan :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis asuransi jiwa</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya administrasi</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya penutupan rekening (jika setelah penyetoran porsi Haji)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya penyetoran otomatis (autodebet) dari rekening Bank Muamalat lainnya</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mendapatkan tabel perencanaan setoran</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fitur Umum :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Berdasarkan prinsip syariah dengan akad wadiah (titipan)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Minimum setoran berikutnya : Rp 50.000</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Biaya penutupan sebelum penyetoran porsi Haji : Rp 20.000</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Online dengan SISKOHAT Kementerian Agama</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Asuransi jiwa senilai selisih BPIH dengan saldo tabungan</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Manfaat :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mendapatkan fasilitas tabel perencanaan setoran</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Layanan CallCenter 24 Jam</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mendapatkan bonus</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Online di seluruh outlet Bank Muamalat</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Tersedia fasilitas Dana Talangan Porsi Haji hingga senilai Rp 24,5 juta</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Aman dan terjamin</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Syarat :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> WNI : KTP/SIM/Paspor yang masih berlaku</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Setoran pembukaan minimum: Rp 250.000</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>Tabungan Haji Arafah Plus</b></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Tabungan haji dalam mata uang rupiah yang dikhususkan bagi Anda masyarakat muslim Indonesia yang berencana menunaikan ibadah Haji secara regular maupun plus.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Peruntukkan :</span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Perorangan usia 18 tahun ke atas (secara individu atau kelompok)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fitur Unggulan :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis asuransi jiwa</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya administrasi untuk saldo > Rp 2,5 juta</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya penutupan rekening (jika setelah penyetoran porsi Haji)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Gratis biaya penyetoran otomatis (autodebet) dari rekening Bank Muamalat lainnya</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fitur Umum :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Berdasarkan prinsip syariah dengan akad mudharabah muthlaqah (bagi hasil)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Minimum setoran berikutnya : Rp 100.000</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Biaya penutupan sebelum penyetoran porsi Haji : Rp 20.000</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Online dengan SISKOHAT Kementerian Agama</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Asuransi jiwa senilai selisih BPIH dengan saldo tabungan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Asuransi kecelakaan dan darurat medis dengan premi terjangkau</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Manfaat :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mendapatkan fasilitas tabel perencanaan setoran</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Layanan CallCenter 24 Jam</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mendapatkan bagi hasil bulanan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Online di seluruh outlet Bank Muamalat</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Tersedia fasilitas Dana Talangan Haji hingga senilai Rp 24,5 juta</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Aman dan terjamin</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Syarat :</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> WNI : KTP/SIM/Paspor yang masih berlaku</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Setoran pembukaan minimum : Rp 1.500.000</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlG4b_UT7u441AHZNwfJJ7ix5JseRRW2P6D0rKnItCSkCd74D3yfrV_hF_HGuoz6LF7pko-2WUtu_LOVPVrOiWTcgumwhuyRh3XPlAE5jhJDIORhPMwiCTX9unz4eqri0Ny_VbJmniZw/s1600/bri.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlG4b_UT7u441AHZNwfJJ7ix5JseRRW2P6D0rKnItCSkCd74D3yfrV_hF_HGuoz6LF7pko-2WUtu_LOVPVrOiWTcgumwhuyRh3XPlAE5jhJDIORhPMwiCTX9unz4eqri0Ny_VbJmniZw/s200/bri.jpeg" width="178" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>Tabungan Haji BRISyariah iB</b></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Mewujudkan langkah terbaik dalam menyempurnakan ibadah</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Manfaat</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Ketenangan, kenyamanan serta lebih berkah dalam penyempurnaan ibadah karena pengelolaan dana sesuai syariah.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fasilitas</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Aman, karena diikutsertakan dalam program penjaminan pemerintah</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Dapat bertransaksi di seluruh jaringan kantor cabang BRISyariah secara Online dengan SISKOHAT (Sistem Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu) </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> GRATIS asuransi jiwa dan kecelakaan </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> GRATIS biaya administrasi bulanan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Bagi hasil yang kompetitif</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Pemotongan zakat secara otomatis dari bagi hasil yang Anda dapatkan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Dana tidak dapat ditarik sewaktu-waktu, tidak diberikan Kartu ATM</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Kemudahan dalam merencanakan persiapan ibadah haji Anda</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Tersedia Fasilitas Dana Talangan Haji BRISyariah iB yang merupakan solusi terbaik mempercepat ke Baitullah dengan persyaratan dan ketentuan mudah serta cepat</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielUEo1Ro3xD9UApcRCpDuhyphenhyphenqr0hbbAvCHxGkadi7UNc00SzQ9rpUE-tqlz_MW4P0mW5STHQMRzb4WPBOkAAaFiGzeQ05lhgXSFZHm3QyUI06pJVrW5_eQ-hPW8ZoZfyAW4-jt2AeW1n0/s1600/mandiri.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="97" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEielUEo1Ro3xD9UApcRCpDuhyphenhyphenqr0hbbAvCHxGkadi7UNc00SzQ9rpUE-tqlz_MW4P0mW5STHQMRzb4WPBOkAAaFiGzeQ05lhgXSFZHm3QyUI06pJVrW5_eQ-hPW8ZoZfyAW4-jt2AeW1n0/s200/mandiri.jpeg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>BSM Tabungan Mabrur</b></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Tabungan dalam mata uang rupiah untuk membantu pelaksanaan ibadah haji & umrah.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fitur:</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Berdasarkan prinsip syariah dengan akad mudharabah muthlaqah.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Tidak dapat dicairkan kecuali untuk melunasi Biaya Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji/ Umrah (BPIH).</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Setoran awal minimal Rp500.000.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Setoran selanjutnya minimal Rp100.000.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Saldo minimal untuk didaftarkan ke SISKOHAT adalah Rp20.000.000 atau sesuai ketentuan dari Departemen Agama</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Biaya penutupan rekening karena batal Rp25.000.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Syarat: Kartu identitas: KTP/SIM/Paspor nasabah</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Manfaat:</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Aman dan terjamin</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Fasilitas talangan haji untuk kemudahan mendapatkan porsi haji.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Online dengan SISKOHAT Departemen Agama untuk kemudahan pendaftaran haji.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk1SanYoTzepsJz40HVmSmOn1qKDbWAPwzr2P7yJfLCZO38d1qWIaxpFxYp_lJyJsB7Ev3Cq97CDueydVNKymnlzdpoUBkXbacfQP3Cv6zzVALxtZxXlaRfZPdnbGSaJZ605qHLiQZLSk/s1600/bni.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk1SanYoTzepsJz40HVmSmOn1qKDbWAPwzr2P7yJfLCZO38d1qWIaxpFxYp_lJyJsB7Ev3Cq97CDueydVNKymnlzdpoUBkXbacfQP3Cv6zzVALxtZxXlaRfZPdnbGSaJZ605qHLiQZLSk/s200/bni.jpeg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>Tabungan iB THI Hasanah</b></span></span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">BNI Syariah merupakan produk tabungan yang dikhususkan untuk memenuhi Biaya Perjalanan Ibadah Haji yang dikelola secara aman dan bersih sesuai syariah dengan akad mudharabah muthlaqah. Tabungan iB THI Hasanah telah tergabung dalam layanan online SISKOHAT (Sistem Koordinasi Haji Terpadu) yang memungkinkan jamaah haji memperoleh kepastian porsi dari Kementrian Agama pada saat jumlah tabungan telah memenuhi persyaratan.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Keuntungan:</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Bebas biaya pengelolaan rekening dan biaya penutupan rekening.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Pembukaan rekening dan penyetoran dapat dilakukan di lebih dari 787 kantor cabang BNI dan 58 kantor cabang BNI Syariah</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Calon haji dilindungi asuransi kecelakaan diri dan kematian.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> On-Line dengan Siskohat.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Memperoleh Bagi Hasil yang menarik.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Dapat didaftarkan menjadi calon jamaah haji ketika saldo tabungan sudah mencapai Rp 25 juta.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Fasilitas:</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Buku Tabungan.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Dapat diakukan autodebet dari rekening afiliasi Tabungan iB Hasanah untuk setoran bulanan.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Persyaratan:</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Mengisi formulir aplikasi pembukaan rekening.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Menunjukkan asli bukti identitas diri (KTP/SIM/Paspor) dan menyerahkan foto copy bukti identitas dimaksud.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Memiliki rekening Tabungan iB Hasanah</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Melakukan setoran awal Rp. 500.000,-</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br />Spesifikasi Biaya</span></span>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Biaya Administrasi per Bulan= 0</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Biaya Penutupan Rekening= 0</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">Biaya Penggantian buku Tabungan=IDR 1.500</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /><b>Tabungan BTN Haji iB</b></span></span>
<br />
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Produk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tabungan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="color: black;"> media </span><span style="color: black;">penyimpanan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dana</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dalam</span><span style="color: black;"> rupiah </span><span style="color: black;">untuk</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Biaya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Perjalanan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Ibadah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> (BPIH), </span><span style="color: black;">dengan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">menggunakan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">akad</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sesuai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">syariah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">yaitu</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Mudharabah</span><span style="color: black; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> (</span><span style="color: black; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Investasi</span><span style="color: black; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">)</span><span style="color: black;">, bank </span><span style="color: black;">menjanjikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bagi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">hasil</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">menguntungkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bersaing</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bagi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">nasabah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">atas</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">simpanannya</span><span style="color: black;">. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kentungan</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kenyamanan</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Layanan</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Hanya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dengan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">setoran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">awal</span><span style="color: black;"> Rp.100.000,- </span><span style="color: black;">telah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dapat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">memiliki</span><span style="color: black;"> Tabungan </span><span style="color: black;">Baitullah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Batara</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">iB</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Pembukaan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">rekening</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pada</span><span style="color: black;"> Kantor </span><span style="color: black;">Cabang</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Syariah</span><span style="color: black;"> yang </span><span style="color: black;">telah</span><span style="color: black;"> online </span><span style="color: black;">dengan</span><span style="color: black;"> SISKOHAT </span><span style="color: black;">Depag</span><span style="color: black;">, </span><span style="color: black;">sedangkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penyetoran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">lanjutan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">maupun</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penarikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dana</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tabungan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dapat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dilakukan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">diseluruh</span><span style="color: black;"> Kantor </span><span style="color: black;">Cabang</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Syariah</span><span style="color: black;"> Bank BTN </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Layanan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Syariah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pada</span><span style="color: black;"> Kantor </span><span style="color: black;">Cabang</span><span style="color: black;"> / Kantor </span><span style="color: black;">Cabang</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Pembantu</span><span style="color: black;"> Bank BTN (</span><span style="color: black;">Konvensional</span><span style="color: black;">) </span><span style="color: black;">di</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">seluruh</span><span style="color: black;"> Indonesia.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Diprioritaskan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">terdaftar</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Calon</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Jemaah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">setelah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">memperoleh</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">menunjukkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Surat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Pendaftaran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Pergi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Kandepag</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">domisili</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penabung</span><span style="color: black;">.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Fasilitas </span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Bagi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Hasil</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">diberikan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">setiap</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">akhir</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bulan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dhitung</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">berdasarkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saldo</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">harian</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Bebas</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">baya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">administasi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">bulanan</span><span style="color: black;">.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.19in; margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.19in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">Persyaratan</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Mengisi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">menandatangani</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">formulir</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">permohonan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">beserta</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pendukungnya</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Menyerahkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">fotokopi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">identitas</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">diri</span><span style="color: black;"> (KTP/</span><span style="color: black;">Paspor</span><span style="color: black;">), </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Data </span><span style="color: black;">didaftarkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">pada</span><span style="color: black;"> SISKOHAT </span><span style="color: black;">Departemen</span><span style="color: black;"> Agama </span><span style="color: black;">setelah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">saldo</span><span style="color: black;"> Tabungan </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mencapai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sesuai</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ketentuan</span><span style="color: black;"> BPIH </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Calon</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Jemaah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">memperoleh</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">mendapatkan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Surat</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Pendaftaran</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Pergi</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Kandepag</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">domisili</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">penabung</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Tabungan </span><span style="color: black;">BTN Haji </span><span style="color: black;">iB</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">boleh</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">ditutup</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">setelah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">Jemaah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">haji</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tiba</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">kembali</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">di</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">rumah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">dari</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">tanah</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">suci</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-83739742885054194702012-08-28T11:34:00.000-07:002012-09-23T21:05:01.376-07:00Sepeda Motor Bebek Injeksi Kencang dan Irit Jupiter Z1<a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_new" title="Yamaha SEO Competition"><img alt="Add Logo Yamaha SEO Competition" src="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/uploads/SEO2012/logo.png" /></a>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1</a> merupakan sepeda motor bebek terbaru dari yamaha motor indonesia yang menjadi pertama kali menggunakan teknologi sistem injeksi, sehingga sangat irit bensin dan ramah lingkungan. <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1</a> performance-nya meningkat 20 persen karena mengadopsi teknologi motor balap YZ Crankshaft Technology, Low Friction Technology dan Forged Piston. YZ Crankshaft Technology meningkatkan akselerasidan torsi, sudah digunakan di motor trail Yamaha YZ450F. Low Friction Technology yang memperkecil hambatan tenaga akibat gesekan sehingga tenaga mesin menjadi lebih optimal. Forged Piston dibuat dengan proses tempa memiliki daya tahan tinggi dan ringan, sehingga mampu menyalurkan tenaga mesin yang besar serta menjadikan motor lebih mudah berakselerasi dan mampu melaju kencang.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="270" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/v9MHMyYhJhc?feature=player_detailpage" width="480"></iframe>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1</a> memiliki banyak pilihan warna, Hero bike warna putih dibuat beda sendiri dengan tiga warna, dasarnya putih dikombinasikan dengan merah dan hitam. Warna merah ditempatkan pada center backbone, ini pertama kalinya warna merah ada di bagian itu untuk motor bebek di Indonesia. Merah menggambarkan kecanggihan Fuel Injection. Warna putih kombinasi merah dan hitam hanya buat <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1 CW</a> (Cast Wheel). Varian velg racingitu tersedia juga empat warna lainnya, biru kombinasi warna hitam, hitam dengan hitam, hijau hitam dan merah hitam. Untuk empat warna itu bagian centre backbone nya berwarna hitam.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Grafis pada bodi motor <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1</a> bertema Metal Dragon Heart yang mengandung pengertian sebagai seekor robot naga yang dihidupkan teknologi FI yang canggih dan futuristik. Yamaha mengambil elemen material metal untuk memperkuat kesan canggih modern. Pada Lampu depan dan belakang diperkuat dengan lebih berkarakter dan aksen sporty. Speedometer didesian modern dengan konsep futuristik yang dinamis memperkuat kecanggihan Jupiter Z1. Bagian velg diberikan garis warna untuk sentuhan semakin sporty.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_new" title="Yamaha SEO Competition"><img alt="Add Image Yamaha SEO Competition" height="266" src="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/uploads/SEO2012/Jupiterz1-all-cw.png" width="400" /></a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Harga on the road <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1 CW</a> untuk wilayah DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya adalah Rp 15.150.000 ( Lima Belas Juta Seratus Lima Puluh Ribu Rupiah ). Harga ini naik 500 ribu rupiah dibandingkan harga sebelumnya. Dan Untuk <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1 SW</a> lebih murah 300 ribu rupiah di bandingkan harga sebelumnya.</div>
<br />
<b>Spesifikasi <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">All New Jupiter Z1</a></b><br />
<br />
Dimensi<br />
<ul>
<li> P x L x T (mm) 1.935 x 680 x 1.065</li>
<li> Jarak pada Sumbu Roda 1.240 mm</li>
<li> Jarak Terendah dari bodi ke tanah 135 mm</li>
<li> Tinggi jok 765 mm</li>
<li> Berat total 101 kg untuk (spoke wheel) dan 102 kg untuk (cast wheel)</li>
<li> Kapasitas tampung tangki bensin 4.1 liter</li>
</ul>
<br />
Mesin<br />
<ul>
<li> Menggunakan Tipe mesin 4 langkah, 2 valve SOHC, dan pendingin udara</li>
<li> Jumlah/posisi silinder tunggal/mendatar</li>
<li> Volume 113.7 cc</li>
<li> Perbandingan kompresi 9.3 : 1</li>
<li> Daya maksimum 10,06 PS (7.4 kW) / 7.750 rpm</li>
<li> Torsi maksimum 9.9 Nm/6.500 rpm</li>
<li> Sistem starter Electric Starter dan Kick Starter</li>
<li> Sistem pelumasan Basah</li>
<li> Kapasitas tampung oli mesin Total 1 liter</li>
<li> Sistem pada bahan bakar Fuel Injection System (F1)</li>
<li> System Transmisi Rotary, 4 Kecepatan</li>
</ul>
<br />
Rangka<br />
<ul>
<li> Tipe rangka Steel Tube Underbone</li>
<li> Suspensi ban depan Teleskopik</li>
<li> Suspensi ban belakang Lengan ayun, suspensi ganda</li>
<li> Ukuran Ban depan 70/90-17MC 38P</li>
<li> Ukuran Ban belakang 80/90-17MC 44P</li>
<li> Rem depan menggunakan Cakram</li>
<li> Rem belakang menggunakan Tromol</li>
</ul>
<br />
Kelistrikan<br />
<ul>
<li> Sistem pengapian TCI (Transistor Control Ignition)</li>
<li> Battery YTZ4V / GTZ4V (MF Battery 3 Ah)</li>
<li> Tipe busi NGK-CR6HSA</li>
</ul>
<br />
Untuk informasi lebih lanjut Sepeda Motor Bebek Injeksi Kencang dan Irit Jupiter Z1 kunjungi website resmi yamaha motor indonesia di <a href="http://www.yamaha-motor.co.id/" target="_blank">www.yamaha-motor.co.id </a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-81513769852563137862012-08-18T06:57:00.001-07:002012-08-18T07:03:01.658-07:00Selamat Hari Raya Idul Fitri 1433H<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Takbir dikumandangkan</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Menyambut datangnya hari yang <b>FITRI</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Jalin silaturahmi dengan sanak saudara kerabat dan tetangga</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Tekadkan hati dan jiwa yang ikhlas saling memaafkan</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Untuk mencapai Kesucian dan Kemenangan</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />Keluarga Besar pondoklukman mengucapkan</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Selamat Hari Raya IDUL FITRI 1433 H</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Taqaballahu Minna Waminkum</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Washiyamana Washiyamakum</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Mohon Maaf Lahir & Bathin</span></div>
PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-30257134355299024922012-08-01T02:57:00.000-07:002012-09-19T02:43:43.265-07:00Install dan Konfigurasi OPENVPN Client di WindowsCara install dan konfigurasi OpenVPN server sudah ada disini, sekarang bagaimana cara install dan konfigurasi untuk di clientnya ?<br />
<br />
Berikut ini adalah cara install dan konfigurasi OpenVPN Client di windows. Download OpenVPN Client untuk windows <a href="http://adf.ly/BQqVv" target="_blank">disini</a> terlebih dahulu.<br />
<br />
Copy file sertifikat yang sudah dibuat, file sertifikat yang dibutuhkan hanya ca.crt, sertifikat client ( penulis menggunakan client2.crt dan client2.key ) dan file konfigurasinya client.opvn<br />
<br />
1. File client.ovpn berisi konfigurasi sebagai berikut ( buat menggunakan notepad )<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>client </i>( ini adalah konfigurasi client )<br />
<i>dev tap</i> ( sesuaikan dengan server, tap atau tun )<br />
<i>proto tcp </i>(sesuaikan dengan server, tcp atau udp )<br />
<i>remote 202.xxx.xxx.xxx 1194 </i>( IP OpenVPN Server, port sesuaikan dengan server )<br />
<i>resolv-retry infinite</i> ( Default )<br />
<i>nobind </i>( Default )<br />
<i>persist-key</i> ( Default )<br />
<i>persist-tun </i>( Default )<br />
<i>ca "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/ca.crt"</i> ( lokasi file ca.crt )<br />
<i>cert "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/client2.crt"</i> ( lokasi file client2.crt )<br />
<i>key "C:/Program Files/OpenVPN/config/client2.key" </i>( lokasi file client2.key )<br />
<i>comp-lzo</i> ( aktifkan kompresi pada link vpn, sesuaikan dengan server )<br />
<i>verb 3 </i>( Default )</blockquote>
2. Berikut contoh tampilan openvpn client hasil download, file sertifikat dan file konfigurasi<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>openvpn-2.0.9-gui-1.0.3-install.exe </i>( OpenVPN Client installer )<br />
<i> ca.crt </i>( file ca.crt di copy dari server )<br />
<i> client2.crt </i>( file client2.crt di copy dari server )<br />
<i> client2.key </i>( file client2.key di copy dari server )<br />
<i> client.opvn</i> ( file konfigurasi client )</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_knxOZxI7avRGfKa6XqOSIwBHN8WcgztiR0-uQi8eHoGqwc_LT5DEDeHKbqQbMI-xut2XJ7sW2_aaaLVxQ5adklxpuRFw7kClb45Ha8MUy8B0sRMf4O3SVvmMOpd9_h86hLFC6eZrTg/s1600/1c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ_knxOZxI7avRGfKa6XqOSIwBHN8WcgztiR0-uQi8eHoGqwc_LT5DEDeHKbqQbMI-xut2XJ7sW2_aaaLVxQ5adklxpuRFw7kClb45Ha8MUy8B0sRMf4O3SVvmMOpd9_h86hLFC6eZrTg/s320/1c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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3. Klik 2x di <i>openvpn-2.0.9-gui-1.0.3-install.exe, </i>kemudian klik Next.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuB2n67BVk4RYJomOR39lUaQQUsV3AoxcT1Z_WrRP0XhR_jsn6JUFKh4Qcq_1B7YbAkCB3tkPSa9mbp6x0lH9Zvy11Ssq1S71wMXdB3JYV553DfybvAsYwAJ7weeoGHxAWT2RUcj6ZC8/s1600/2c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuB2n67BVk4RYJomOR39lUaQQUsV3AoxcT1Z_WrRP0XhR_jsn6JUFKh4Qcq_1B7YbAkCB3tkPSa9mbp6x0lH9Zvy11Ssq1S71wMXdB3JYV553DfybvAsYwAJ7weeoGHxAWT2RUcj6ZC8/s320/2c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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4. Klik I Agree<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
5. Klik Next<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqb2Dd0uOEzbJ4n3FBGy6TrZoweExlRUhuAv3ebzH0mCik80LRm6B9ioMrs_n4IM_SZfmNpicqCLa2STJe2tIcueWd6gJxpHXcNPX1FBaFm9I15cGvXjtUYVcUPBMN6SbW8q4kMnve3oM/s1600/4c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqb2Dd0uOEzbJ4n3FBGy6TrZoweExlRUhuAv3ebzH0mCik80LRm6B9ioMrs_n4IM_SZfmNpicqCLa2STJe2tIcueWd6gJxpHXcNPX1FBaFm9I15cGvXjtUYVcUPBMN6SbW8q4kMnve3oM/s320/4c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
6. Klik Install<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
7. Tunggu proses instalasi sedang berjalan.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif57-fFXs9A3x24aJc1xx8jCymeTECxamWYU16lopvQtguA66qrLvgCf_n2DIPnYz94xCg3SlDmykdYRQnYT_GmPNoEvozsG4VUxw31eRzksbK_CdpyI9QccwBudAZSDxMwGmXSezQ5-Q/s1600/6c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif57-fFXs9A3x24aJc1xx8jCymeTECxamWYU16lopvQtguA66qrLvgCf_n2DIPnYz94xCg3SlDmykdYRQnYT_GmPNoEvozsG4VUxw31eRzksbK_CdpyI9QccwBudAZSDxMwGmXSezQ5-Q/s320/6c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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8. Muncul konfirmasi untuk install Tap Win32 Adapter, pilih Continue Anyway.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjuUrvCD_smA1bptN48qMm9rPe_4oxn3SeaaZ4ueKfI5ZEy5CR0N1oF8DcY4qmR4ph4X-MsBc2xBJlwSI_ZRYAeIDb8-p1VbYN_h5uvseHdtDV2FS0hhGtxnOKVZuVKVLsqIWki5IsuO0/s1600/7c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjuUrvCD_smA1bptN48qMm9rPe_4oxn3SeaaZ4ueKfI5ZEy5CR0N1oF8DcY4qmR4ph4X-MsBc2xBJlwSI_ZRYAeIDb8-p1VbYN_h5uvseHdtDV2FS0hhGtxnOKVZuVKVLsqIWki5IsuO0/s320/7c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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9. Proses instalasi selesai, klik Next<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht5Z-CNc-1_NINgq2TIvFhFIZeUR8JWB6_pc6oxHwxno8w3X06u-RgD1SNRxk9s6EHasyQEhQNkgV4XRJJZDsq_vqFzh5knulygMzfRgSIZQRLyit5EB-33N8ZHG5ezl-uAFTSdjpLMKY/s1600/8c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht5Z-CNc-1_NINgq2TIvFhFIZeUR8JWB6_pc6oxHwxno8w3X06u-RgD1SNRxk9s6EHasyQEhQNkgV4XRJJZDsq_vqFzh5knulygMzfRgSIZQRLyit5EB-33N8ZHG5ezl-uAFTSdjpLMKY/s320/8c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
10. Kemudian klik Finish<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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11. Jika ada kelihatan 2 komputer warna merah ( Lihat tanda panah warna merah ). Itu menandakan jaringan openvpn sudah dibuat. Namun belum bisa koneksi ke server.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHkh_rJ9tbXwUmICfChDL_JlakLWehrJMriAcRzJhxolDv9xDqFK2szXsa79reEhFtx1lki9x-LcRN39MFjTjtmBHhxU1YUy7qk_dSfA2CNfZUdLePKWpqO0QB9WlEkrhdjG_8gkiMG9s/s1600/10c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHkh_rJ9tbXwUmICfChDL_JlakLWehrJMriAcRzJhxolDv9xDqFK2szXsa79reEhFtx1lki9x-LcRN39MFjTjtmBHhxU1YUy7qk_dSfA2CNfZUdLePKWpqO0QB9WlEkrhdjG_8gkiMG9s/s320/10c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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12. Untuk bisa koneksi ke server, copy file berikut ini <br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>ca.crt </i>( file ca.crt di copy dari server )<br />
<br />
<i> client2.crt </i>( file client2.crt di copy dari server )<br />
<br />
<i> client2.key </i>( file client2.key di copy dari server )<br />
<br />
<i> client.opvn</i> ( file konfigurasi client )</blockquote>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjovWy1SP_E7TrXn6zQORunb2UDU9pSOI1ZM2f__7o79P_018xm0Z6TH1FViRkur-Vl8FobQBz66iufkYX37yM4qB_8DpIZXL8xt149BisxfTxq6ImYc-pc5TQl4x9qiF5hUgTX_EZzZA/s1600/11c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjovWy1SP_E7TrXn6zQORunb2UDU9pSOI1ZM2f__7o79P_018xm0Z6TH1FViRkur-Vl8FobQBz66iufkYX37yM4qB_8DpIZXL8xt149BisxfTxq6ImYc-pc5TQl4x9qiF5hUgTX_EZzZA/s320/11c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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13. Paste ke C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijXQLtu6BLUsmJpRF91-XzG9uI890jgftCYX6SpvsDAbyUZRvEvAXEUuDCVAas3S53J3oOUaiOH_1H9yRmQH5xi4NTho1Fg1eIiUKOn5QXIcpXlJVrQvHs7i8-4Y-lt5cGh_7Ix036SQI/s1600/12c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijXQLtu6BLUsmJpRF91-XzG9uI890jgftCYX6SpvsDAbyUZRvEvAXEUuDCVAas3S53J3oOUaiOH_1H9yRmQH5xi4NTho1Fg1eIiUKOn5QXIcpXlJVrQvHs7i8-4Y-lt5cGh_7Ix036SQI/s320/12c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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14.Hasil copy paste file yang diperlukan.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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15. Klik kanan di 2 komputer warna merah, kemudian pilih connect.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9i33x3g4vFGIF6StS4Oi3Btkzqpi8TvC2qZf_S58K5wMox7K_r6X2bd45WQlp9uDW_fpQNbWAJmM9IMs-uch1I0dWZfTAyv7OkqGZIxTTUiffQ3a8nxjDRSTRHX4h28nBiuf7ezXa0U/s1600/14c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9i33x3g4vFGIF6StS4Oi3Btkzqpi8TvC2qZf_S58K5wMox7K_r6X2bd45WQlp9uDW_fpQNbWAJmM9IMs-uch1I0dWZfTAyv7OkqGZIxTTUiffQ3a8nxjDRSTRHX4h28nBiuf7ezXa0U/s320/14c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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16. Proses koneksi ke server<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLRgg2mtYQHwBgBzP_v5McPgZ68w04MHxChNYbN7ueL8MJ74qQ5nrmlsT5ZL5J5NxbZMXl1yoSF1OX5X7kZmbdp3CoSbt3ZBScRSguvd-oBiRk3gX5lkTltmdPTyJgOeX3mPZqXkSV2ss/s1600/15c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLRgg2mtYQHwBgBzP_v5McPgZ68w04MHxChNYbN7ueL8MJ74qQ5nrmlsT5ZL5J5NxbZMXl1yoSF1OX5X7kZmbdp3CoSbt3ZBScRSguvd-oBiRk3gX5lkTltmdPTyJgOeX3mPZqXkSV2ss/s320/15c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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17. Jika sudah ada konfirmasi client is connected dan ada ipnya, berarti sudah bisa konek ke server.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmxjmg4wzZO-GJZdtTXcMAdvMvYqKBN7LB6qxxkFyB3LEtC5MTZCc5qdRjakeEeQzQOw2V0UgfZtaKyGGYUEXLdY001-CLJBgUGF5D2cLxrneSYJv9kvP0Y3PiZESAscZevXb4BAP0L7Q/s1600/16c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmxjmg4wzZO-GJZdtTXcMAdvMvYqKBN7LB6qxxkFyB3LEtC5MTZCc5qdRjakeEeQzQOw2V0UgfZtaKyGGYUEXLdY001-CLJBgUGF5D2cLxrneSYJv9kvP0Y3PiZESAscZevXb4BAP0L7Q/s320/16c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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18. Dicoba ping ke server dan muncul replay.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtxZQ89Ua9NYJwVtWX7Mex0NavY32xnT0rJ668J4Lrd4NZsHDhq0FnlvaxCrLE6aWj5tKi3pBF1Inc5yZEEE5u_6I5VS-jxBSFbsTNEM3m2KC1mYtsxmiTp42LJMwZzRM-8Y1xbY4RnjU/s1600/17c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtxZQ89Ua9NYJwVtWX7Mex0NavY32xnT0rJ668J4Lrd4NZsHDhq0FnlvaxCrLE6aWj5tKi3pBF1Inc5yZEEE5u_6I5VS-jxBSFbsTNEM3m2KC1mYtsxmiTp42LJMwZzRM-8Y1xbY4RnjU/s320/17c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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19. Supaya bisa koneksi secara otomatis ke server openvpn, waktu komputer dinyalakan. Buat tambahan di registrynya. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run . Klik kanan pilih New, kemudian pilih String value.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu5UUnOtHG5M7vhxp_Hf1qBfa301k-hIsWY4UE68n79Swegl6L7CmMsGU0V7oGNAh3I3mOOv08NzR2ky1sU58OzChqIoHWjvnJkcnRdwWLbt_KBGvu3-Nk81jz6L-BDzRaGkECrGwoye0/s1600/18c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu5UUnOtHG5M7vhxp_Hf1qBfa301k-hIsWY4UE68n79Swegl6L7CmMsGU0V7oGNAh3I3mOOv08NzR2ky1sU58OzChqIoHWjvnJkcnRdwWLbt_KBGvu3-Nk81jz6L-BDzRaGkECrGwoye0/s320/18c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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20. Buat VPN Connect ( bebas ).<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yH4lM9O6YJAgRWRq6uVvWwS7UcVYn7z_dQ_fNwvinH3nAQ52kyj1OpUPHRTg8IKQ_5Qsmt8nxDsqHRsETG_xL7-9OPa73C3T7tYTWC5y6e8St2cJ0euIF9FlKL8ACwSTzYWbYwaOHX8/s1600/19c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6yH4lM9O6YJAgRWRq6uVvWwS7UcVYn7z_dQ_fNwvinH3nAQ52kyj1OpUPHRTg8IKQ_5Qsmt8nxDsqHRsETG_xL7-9OPa73C3T7tYTWC5y6e8St2cJ0euIF9FlKL8ACwSTzYWbYwaOHX8/s320/19c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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21. Klik kanan di VPN Connect, pilih modify, isi Value data dengan script berikut ini ;<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>"C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\bin\openvpn-gui.exe" --connect client.ovpn</i></blockquote>
Kemudian Ok.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz_qBnSHhr_pMTUEz69QuzK9qBUyBfEGRcNAH1kk5ouquCoZ0CdXTTwlp9ENrTlhCCYRxeAKM6Acc23iZTvzFXSlqL9v9EMapVrl9PhT_vJCRbM8vGs_eNKlVggTtp5xPuayFwyRXnJHg/s1600/20c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz_qBnSHhr_pMTUEz69QuzK9qBUyBfEGRcNAH1kk5ouquCoZ0CdXTTwlp9ENrTlhCCYRxeAKM6Acc23iZTvzFXSlqL9v9EMapVrl9PhT_vJCRbM8vGs_eNKlVggTtp5xPuayFwyRXnJHg/s320/20c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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22. VPN connect di regiestry sudah di buat. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfoumWUqxLDKbi-y4GUVIRLZ5iDZbbVVCnlT0YKvKZYssFh8MqCO1ppfCIQTUBX_fNv8Gnb5Vt6oxcUSw_J6x1hyphenhyphen-LADboG6tLaA1qrSkRFAERCBk3QB783iFDyn7cPKgXy1IUCBn7Gdg/s1600/21c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfoumWUqxLDKbi-y4GUVIRLZ5iDZbbVVCnlT0YKvKZYssFh8MqCO1ppfCIQTUBX_fNv8Gnb5Vt6oxcUSw_J6x1hyphenhyphen-LADboG6tLaA1qrSkRFAERCBk3QB783iFDyn7cPKgXy1IUCBn7Gdg/s320/21c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
<br />
Jadi ketika komputer dinyalakan, registry di autorun akan berjalan, sehingga koneksi ke openvpn server akan otomatis koneksi. Selamat mencoba !<br />
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<br />PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-7834417341677072732012-08-01T02:56:00.001-07:002012-09-19T02:44:00.586-07:00Install dan Konfigurasi OPENVPN Server di Centos 5.6Akhirnya ada kesempatan untuk membuat tutorial baru, untuk menulis sebuah tutorial dengan judul Install dan Konfigurasi OpenVPN Server di Centos 5.6. Penulis sebelumnya pernah melakukan install dan konfigurasi OpenVPN Server, tetapi waktu itu dilakukan masih di Local Area Network/LAN dengan menggunakan 2 pc. Sehingga penulis memiliki banyak referensi untuk install dan konfigurasi OpenVPN. Jadi ini untuk kedua kalinya, penulis melakukan install dan konfigurasi OpenVPN. Saat ini penulis melakukan langsung melalui koneksi internet. Dengan posisi OpenVPN Server ada di Bandung, sedangkan untuk OpenVPN Client posisinya tersebar beberapa kota di Jawa Barat.<br />
<br />
Untuk OpenVPN Server penulis menggunakan Centos 5.6 tidak menggunakan Centos terbaru karena ada kendala pada hardware komputer. Komputer server ini menggunakan koneksi internet dedicated, ini berarti komputer server memiliki alamat IP Public yang statik. Sedangkan untuk OpenVPN Client penulis menggunakan koneksi speedy.<br />
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Dalam tahap instalasi penulis menggunakan perintah yum untuk memudahkan proses instalasi, karena pengalaman sebelumnya penulis melakukan dengan perintah rpm, banyak sekali dependencies paket. Berikut adalah tahapan untuk melakukan instalasi OpenVPN Server :<br />
<br />
1. Update Centos terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan paket terbaru, dengan perintah <i>yum update</i> ( akan muncul paket paket yang perlu diupdate, penulis sengaja tidak menampilkan karena terlalu banyak ), lalu takan muncul konfirmasi, tekan <i>Y</i> untuk melakukan instalasi paket.<br />
<br />
2. Untuk bisa menginstall OpenVPN Server dibutuhkan paket RPM Forge ( Untuk mendapatkan RPM Forge bisa di cari di google, usahakan menggunakan paket yang terakhir dan sesuai dengan versi Centos,<i> el5 untuk Centos 5.x dan el6 untuk Centos 6.x. </i>Untuk install RPM Forge pengalaman penulis tidak bisa menggunakan yum, jadi harus manual ), download dengan perintah<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm</i></blockquote>
<i><br /></i>
3. Setelah didownload install dengan perintah ( Perhatikan selalu lokasi directory tempat kerja anda, sesuaikan dengan path hasil download tadi, penulis melakukan download di home )<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>rpm -Uvh</i> <i>rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm</i></blockquote>
<br />
4. Sekarang install OpenVPN dengan perintah ( Di komputer server penulis sudah terdapat openssl dan web server )<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>yum install openvpn</i></blockquote>
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5. Pindah directory tempat kerja untuk memudahkan konfigurasi<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>cd /etc/openvpn</i></blockquote>
6. Copy file konfigurasi easy-rsa dan server.conf yang ada di /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.2.2<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>cp -Rf /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.2.2/easy-rsa .<br />cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn-2.2.2/sampel-config-files/server.conf .</i> </blockquote>
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7. Membuat sertifikat<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>cd easy-rsa/2.0/</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>source ./vars</i> ( ada error tidak bisa di eksekusi, setelah di lihat dengan ls -al file harus diubah dulu )</blockquote>
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8. Ubah hak akses file supaya bisa di eksekusi<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-ca</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-dh</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-inter</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-key</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-key-pass</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-key-pkcs12</i></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-key-server</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-req</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 build-req-pass</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 clean-all</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 pkitool</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 vars</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chmod 744 whichopenssl.cnf</i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>ls -al</i> ( untuk melihat perubaha hak akses file )</blockquote>
<br />
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<br />
9. Untuk membuat sertifikat jalankan perintah berikut<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>source ./vars </i>( untuk mengevaluasi / cek file dalam pembuatan sertifikat)<br />
<i> ./clean-all </i>( untuk menghapus file sertifikate yg sudah ada )<br />
<i> ./build-ca </i>( untuk membuat sertifkat ca )</blockquote>
isi data sesuai kebutuhan disarankan untuk di isi semua. <br />
<br />
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<br />
10. Pembuatan sertifikat server<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>./build-key-server server </i>( untuk membuat file sertifikat server, nama file bebas )</blockquote>
<br />
isi sesuai kebutuhan.<br />
<br />
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<br />
11. Membuat file Diffie Hellman<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>./build-dh </i> </blockquote>
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<br />
12. Membuat sertifikat untuk client<br />
<br />
<i>./build-key client1</i> ( nama file bebas )<br />
<br />
isi sesuai kebutuhan. <br />
<br />
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<br />
13. hasil file file yg telah di buat lihat di directory keys<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
ls -al keys/ </blockquote>
<br />
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14. Sekarang copy file sertifikate yang ada di directory keys ke directory /etc/openvpn/keys . Sebenarnya yang diperlukan hanya ca.crt, server.crt, server.key dan dh1024.pem. Biar tidak perlu copy satu satu, maka copy directorynya langsung.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>cp -Rf keys/ /etc/openvpn </i></blockquote>
<br />
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<br />
<br />
15. Sekarang buka file konfigurasi openvpn ada di server.conf<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i> vim /etc/openvpn/server.conf </i></blockquote>
Edit hanya bagian ini<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>local 202.xxx.xxx.xxx </i>( sesuaikan dengan ip server )<br />
<i>port 1194 </i>( port default, bisa di ganti dengan port yg lain )<br />
<i>proto tcp </i>( sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, tcp atau udp )<br />
<i>dev tap </i>( sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan tap atau tun )<br />
<i>ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt </i>( lokasi file ca.crt )<br />
<i>cert /etc/openvpn/keys/server.crt </i>( lokasi file server.crt )<br />
<i>key /etc/openvpn/keys/server.key </i>( lokasi file server.key)<br />
<i>dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh1024.pem </i>(lokasi file dh1024.pem)<br />
<i>server 10.100.100.0 255.255.255.0 </i>(alokasi ip, server otomatis mendapat ip 10.100.100.1)<br />
<i>ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt </i>( supaya ip di client tidak berubah ubah )<br />
<i>push "route 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0" </i>( membuat gateway di client langsung ke server )<br />
<i>push "dhcp-option DNS 10.100.100.1"</i> ( membuat dns di client langsung ke server )<br />
<i>push "dhcp-option DNS 10.100.100.1" </i>( membuat dns di client langsung ke server )<br />
<i>keepalive 5 30</i> ( di berbagai sumber nilai ini supaya stabil )<br />
<i>comp-lzo</i> ( aktifkan kompresi pada link vpn )<br />
<i>persist-key </i>( default )<br />
<i>persist-tun </i>( default )<br />
<i>status openvpn-status.log </i>( default )<br />
<i>verb 3 </i>( default )</blockquote>
<br />
Install dan konfigurasi openvpn server sudah selesai.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>/etc/init.d/openvpn start</i> ( untuk menjalankan openvpn server )</blockquote>
Aktifkan service openvpn supaya langsung jalan setelah komputer di restart. <br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>chkconfig --level 2345 openvpn on</i></blockquote>
<br />
Menurut pengalaman dalam pembuatan sertifikat untuk client, jika hari ini membuat client1 dan besoknya ketika mau buat client2 biasanya akan muncul error seperti ini ;<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Please edit the vars script to reflect your configuration,<br /> then source it with "source ./vars".<br /> Next, to start with a fresh PKI configuration and to delete any<br /> previous certificates and keys, run "./clean-all".<br /> Finally, you can run this tool (pkitool) to build certificates/keys.</i></blockquote>
Jadi gunakan perintah <i>soure ./vars</i> terlebih dahulu untuk mengevaluasi / cek file konfigurasi yan sudah ada, kemudian jalankan <i>./build-key client2</i>.<br />
<br />
Jangan menggunakan perintah <i>./clean-all</i>, perintah ini akan menghapus file konfigurasi yang sudah ada atau reset ke konfigurasi semula.<br />
<br />
Baca juka artikel<br />
<a href="http://pondoklukman.blogspot.com/2012/08/install-dan-konfigurasi-openvpn-client.html" target="_blank">Cara install dan konfigurasi openvpn client di client window</a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-43576891411365763722012-07-19T19:59:00.000-07:002012-07-23T22:14:52.235-07:00Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puasa 1433 H<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Puasa Ramadhan 2012 telah datang. Sebentar lagi kita jelang ibadah suci puasa ramadhan 1433 H biasanya sebelum melaksakan ibadah suci di bulan ramadhan ini, kita bisa saling mengirimkan ucapan selamat menunaikan ibadah puasa ramadhan sebagai bentuk kepedulian kita serta sebagai sarana membersihkan diri kita dengan meminta maaf kepada teman sanak saudara dan kerabat<i>.</i></span><i><br /></i></div>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<i> </i></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<i>Bulan Ramadhan telah datang<br />Kemenangan Jiwa harus Kita gapai<br />Kesucian Hati harus Kita raih<br />Mari kita sambut bulan yang penuh ampunan<br />Dengan hati dan jiwa yang ikhlas<br />Mohon Maaf Lahir dan Bathin</i></h4>
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b><i>MARHABBAN YAA RAMADHAN</i></b></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<b><i> </i></b></h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Keluarga besar <b>pondoklukman</b> mengucapkan</div>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Selamat Menunaikan Ibadah Puasa 1433 Hijriah</b></h4>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-58563037469487621332012-07-12T09:17:00.001-07:002012-07-25T23:08:06.717-07:00Cara Booting Menggunakan File ISO di Virtualbox<script src="http://adsensecamp.com/show/?id=sdPiaHCSqhY%3D&cid=TlffQoaJN%2F0%3D&chan=Z01wsKRlFpk%3D&type=2&title=3D81EE&text=000000&background=FFFFFF&border=000000&url=2BA94F" type="text/javascript">
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<br />
Tutorial ini penulis tujukan umumnya buat pengunjung blog dan khususnya buat teman penulis yaitu pa indrapd he..he.. peace ya pa, yang ingin belajar linux centos tetapi kekurangan komputer, maka dibuatlah sebuah virtual komputer dengan menggunakan virtualbox. Beliau kesulitan untuk booting menggunakan file iso. Virtualbox merupakan software untuk membuat sebuah virtual komputer yang dapat di install dengan sistem operasi. Vmware merupakan software untuk membuat virtual komputer yang sangat handal dan dapat dengan mudah booting dari cd/dvd room maupun dari file iso. Tetapi karena kendala lisensi, maka digunakanlah alternatif lain yang freeware alias gratis.<br />
<br />
Virtualbox memang tidak mendukung untuk bisa booting langsung dari sebuah file iso. Maka supaya virtualbox bisa booting menggunakan file iso, dibutuhkan lagi sebuah virtual drive yang mendukung mounting berupa file file image seperti iso. Penulis menggunakan software virtual clonedrive untuk membuat virtual cd/dvd room, dan sesuai dengan prinsip penulis stop pembajakan, virtual clonedrive merupakan freeware alias gratis. He..he..<br />
<br />
Penulis asumsikan kalau virtualbox dan virtual clonedrive sudah terinstall dikomputer, jika belum terinstall bisa didownload <a href="http://adf.ly/9t3hP" target="_blank">disini</a>. Untuk installnya penulis sengaja tidak dibuat tutorial karena sangat mudah. Jika sudah didownload kedua software tersebut, tinggal klik 2x di file hasil download, ikuti petunjuknya dan tekan next beberapa kali dan selesai.<br />
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1. Sebelum di install virtual clonedrive, coba lihat di my computer. Dan perhatikan drive yang ada hanya Floppy (A:) merupakan drive lama yang sekarang ini sudah tidak dipakai dan DVD RW Drive (G:) merupankan drive room yang terpasang dikomputer.<br />
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2. Sesudah menginstall virtual clonedrive, coba perhatikan di my computer, akan terdapat drive baru dengan nama BD-ROM Drive (H:) ini merupakan virtual drive yang telah di install.<br />
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3. Klik kanan di BD-ROM Drive (H:) kemudian pilih Virtual ConeDrive lalu Mount. Pilih file iso yang mau dibuat booting di virtualbox.<br />
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4. Setelah file iso di Mount, maka akan terlihat seperti berikut. Contoh yang digunakan menggunakan file iso centos 5.6.<br />
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5. Setelah file iso centos 5.6 ada di virtualdrive BD-ROM Drive H: jalankan virtualbox. Penulis asumsikan vitualbox sudah dibuat sebuah virtual komputer dengan nama Centos. Klik start untuk menjalankan virtual komputer.<br />
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6. Setelah di start, ikuti petunjuk, biasanya hanya tinggal tekan next, ketika muncul permintaan booting ke cd/dvd room atau Select Installation Media . Pilihlah virtualdrive yang telah dibuat, yaitu H:<br />
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Jika sudah terlanjur masuk ke virtualbox, anda masih bisa untuk memilih drive. Klik ke Device -> CD/DVD Devices -> Pilih drive yang telah dibuat yaitu H:<br />
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7. Setelah dipilih virtualdrive H: maka proses booting akan berjalan. Untuk installasi lebih lanjut, silahkan untuk mencobanya. <br />
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Virtualdrive yang muncul akan disesuaikan dengan kondisi komputer anda, mungkin tidak akan sama dengan tutorial ini. Mungkin saja Virtualdrive yang muncul bisa menjadi Drive F: drive G:PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-90326279874943902992012-07-11T21:10:00.002-07:002012-07-17T04:10:56.650-07:00Install Linux Mint 13 Maya MATEDengan melihat info dari distrowatch, Linux Mint berada di peringkat pertama, karena penasaran jadi pengen mencoba install linux mint di komputer. Linux Mint masih turunan dari debian ubuntu. Penulis merasa perlu mencobanya serta menjajalnya. Mudah - mudahan karena diambil sourcenya dari ubuntu, akan menambah linux mint ini menjadi lebih stabil dan lebih user frienldy. Sudah tidak diragukan lagi pengembangan ubuntu sangat pesat sudah mencapai ubuntu 12, yang membuat penasaran penulis yaitu Linux Mint sudah mencapai versi 13. Jadi meskipun dibilang masih baru, tetapi pengembangannya lebih cepat daripada ubuntu. Linux Mint 13 Maya ada codename MATE dan Cinnamon. Tetapi karena menurut banyak sumber codename Cinnamon perlu hardware yang specnya tinggi, sehingga penulis lebih memilih yang codename MATE.<br />
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Berikut ini adalah proses instalisasi Linux Mint 13 Maya. Penulis asumsikan, anda sudah memiliki cd/dvd booting Linux Mint 13 Maya. Jika anda belum memilikinya silahkan download file iso <a href="http://adf.ly/9t3hP" target="_blank">disini</a> dan burn ke cd/dvd. Kemudian setting bios supaya boot melalui CD/DVD Room, lalu disave, dan di restart. Jangan lupa masukan cd/dvd hasil burning tadi ke CD/DVD Room.<br />
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1. Proses setelah booting melalui CD/DVD Room, membutuhkan waktu krang lebih 10 detik.<br />
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2. Lalu akan loading masuk ke Linux Mint 13 Maya.<br />
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3.Berikut ini tampilan Linux Mint 13 Maya Live, disini anda bisa mecoba terlebih dahulu untuk menggunakan Linux Mint 13 Maya. Sebelum menginstall secara permanen ke harddisk.<br />
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4.Untuk menginstallnya klik 2x pada Install Linux Mint, tampilah menu Welcome Install as Superuser. Pilih bahasa instalasi English atau Bahasa Indonesia, lalu klik Continue.<br />
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5. Lalu masuk ke Preparing to Install Linux Mint. Disini mengecek space harddisk dan internet. Pada instalasi ini terdeteksi bisa akses ke internet. Ini berguna untuk menginstall Language Packs, sebenarnya tidak akses ke internet pun. Instalasi bisa dilakukan. Jadi anda tidak perlu koneksi internet untuk installasi Linux Mint. Klik Continue untuk melanutkan.<br />
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6.Lalu masuk ke Installation Type. Pilih Erase disk and Install Linux Mint untuk instal Linux Mint secara otomasi tanpa harus membagi-bagi partisi harddisk. Pilih Something Else untuk membagi partisi harddsik sesuai keperluan. Pada proses ini penulis lebih memilih yang Something Else karena penulis ingin membagi partisi harddsik menadi 3 bagian yaituuntuk / , Home dan Swap. Klik Continue untuk melanjutkan.<br />
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7.Lalu masuk ke bagian partisi harddisk, disini adalah proses untuk membagi-bagi partisi harddisk sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Jika harddisk belum ada partisi sama sekali akan tampil seperti ini, dan jika harddisk sudah pernah dilakukan partisi tampilanya akan berbeda, dan partisi yang ada harus dihapus terlebih dahulu. Dengan cara pilih partisi, kemudian tekan Delete. Pada instalasi ini harddisk masih kosong, jadi anda perlu hapus partisi, hanya langsung ke proses pembagian partisi. Klik New Partition Table untuk membuat partisi baru.<br />
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8.Lalu muncul konfirmasi pembuatan partisi baru, klik Continue untuk melanjutkan.<br />
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9.Lalu akan muncul partisi baru yang masih kosong, Free Space disni sizenya hanya 16GB, tekan Add untuk membagi beberapa partisi.<br />
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10.Kan masuk ke menu Create Partition. Partisi pertama untuk / , pilih Type Partition Primary, isi Partition Size sesuai kebutuhan. Pada instalasi ini memakai 10000 atau sekitar 10GB,Pilih Beginning untuk Location Partition, Ext4 untuk use as dan pilih / untuk Mount Point. Kemudian tekan Ok untuk membuat partisi . Sesuai dengan rencana awal tadi untuk membagi menjadi 3 partisi utama / , Home dan Swap.<br />
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<br />
11.Partisi / dengan Type Partisi Ext4 sudah dibuat. Selanjutnya membuat Home dan Swap. Tekan Add untuk membuat partisi yang lain.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPnpmGXaE25HQW4VByToeIAfREnYthChvZ_bcwmF6Vk9m8OEnl4wHdjIC-AxQbakcP7ExVxod1Vl7Rau0YrNK66yvOPbyAi3NeHav49Mp9wz_iJNSpQwzS7bMPP_-kA8ecV9lBi2MEGFY/s1600/11+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPnpmGXaE25HQW4VByToeIAfREnYthChvZ_bcwmF6Vk9m8OEnl4wHdjIC-AxQbakcP7ExVxod1Vl7Rau0YrNK66yvOPbyAi3NeHav49Mp9wz_iJNSpQwzS7bMPP_-kA8ecV9lBi2MEGFY/s320/11+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
12. Muncul kembali menu Create Partition. Plih Logical untuk Type Partition, isi Partition Size sesuai kebutuhan, pada instalasi ini memakai 4105 tau sekitar 4GB, pilih Beginning untuk Location Partition, pilih Ext4 untuk use as dan pilih /home untuk Mount Point. Lalu tekan OK. Partisi /home sudah dibuat tekan Add untuk membuat partisi terakhir.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXV0wPsL4ky3WFD9tmWBGPWYLR3FhmEb67vDicfHaVElTBR0V8V-OnwOqzZ_m2zCM3bGaaCLK1rcwn0KVIdW5l6BBcP_DBVL_mivVkDGTihHVLLwNIqFd-YGzlE3bMhHLXkNxBY9JaEA/s1600/13+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXV0wPsL4ky3WFD9tmWBGPWYLR3FhmEb67vDicfHaVElTBR0V8V-OnwOqzZ_m2zCM3bGaaCLK1rcwn0KVIdW5l6BBcP_DBVL_mivVkDGTihHVLLwNIqFd-YGzlE3bMhHLXkNxBY9JaEA/s320/13+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
14.Partisi terakhir adalah untuk Swap. Setelah menekan Add muncul kembali menu Create Partition. Pilih Logisal untuk Type Partition, isi partition size sesuai kebutuhan, pada proses ini memakai 2000 atau sekitar 2GB, pilih Beginning untuk Location Partition , pilih swap area untuk use as. Tekan OK untuk membuat partisi Swap.<br />
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15.Tampilan partisi harddisk yang sudah dibuat. Klik Install Now untuk memulai instalasi Linux Mint. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFf4oi7J0cOamZBOflx0piEK3b6xXE7z0CYKe8U7KHw8k8DQApLImB90pNver_zps3MExG6T8sB7nr8rViP4-h7XiHnHEmq-N28a1OVtGERYSoUmWynsm1DQtbLWp2gKuWi1SzlCIjsVM/s1600/15+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFf4oi7J0cOamZBOflx0piEK3b6xXE7z0CYKe8U7KHw8k8DQApLImB90pNver_zps3MExG6T8sB7nr8rViP4-h7XiHnHEmq-N28a1OVtGERYSoUmWynsm1DQtbLWp2gKuWi1SzlCIjsVM/s320/15+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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16. Proses Detecting File System akan terjadi pada saat proses instalasi Linux Mint.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-CcYtSR5RGoe1Vg2Hto3FdiwJIWjRn8HDJUOGLVPR2FJhXqybllLhYqKoXbTCPTe8AeFsqvc2f2TIt1e4nnVs4ayntVQQd60N1E13RwaMWY9S-4ZFp0bW1VqgQX5d6p_U2mNMkvVthU/s1600/16+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-CcYtSR5RGoe1Vg2Hto3FdiwJIWjRn8HDJUOGLVPR2FJhXqybllLhYqKoXbTCPTe8AeFsqvc2f2TIt1e4nnVs4ayntVQQd60N1E13RwaMWY9S-4ZFp0bW1VqgQX5d6p_U2mNMkvVthU/s320/16+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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17.Lalu muncul zona waktu, biasanya akan terisi otomatis. Bila tidak pilih sesuai dengan zone waktu di tempat anda. Pada proses ini zona waktu yang dipakai adalah Jakarta.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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18.Lalu muncul Keyboard Layout. Biasanya akan terpilih otomatis, atau pilih English (US) untuk Keyboard Layout secara umum.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHtITGS3VJvp8NEPbMY-v4eWQ3iDUuqy3a7ZOWdAXDRQJbv8mTf1Y_Dzd3vof7FPCDO-o1IshNDsgFMPBxHoD5UGYvMxm7_GwT_XAEAaG7VJYf5fv6rqCiFeTAr8osLj3b3NhdNIg2HCY/s1600/18+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHtITGS3VJvp8NEPbMY-v4eWQ3iDUuqy3a7ZOWdAXDRQJbv8mTf1Y_Dzd3vof7FPCDO-o1IshNDsgFMPBxHoD5UGYvMxm7_GwT_XAEAaG7VJYf5fv6rqCiFeTAr8osLj3b3NhdNIg2HCY/s320/18+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
.<br />
19.Lalu akan muncul menu Who Are You. Isi sesuai dengan kebutuhan anda. Jika anda memilih Log in automatically maka tidak akan muncul menu login pada saat pc/laptop dinayalakan untuk masuk ke Linux Mint. Jika anda memilih Require my password to log in, maka akan muncul menu login sebelum masuk ke Linux Mint. Pada proses ini penulis lebih memilih yang Log in Automaticall. Klik Continue untuk proses instalasi. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYt2bRukOyob-YadKgc-UTlhfnzV2zQjoxKIDs78rXH627DtHFiLQAUosnTPIQ0iMtJx2kI84p14NowoFQVGGdCzJpHBE1yTnkLsk_3meP0Fjx6fQdg39614nIsaJapVzpHU8VBDZtnJY/s1600/19+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYt2bRukOyob-YadKgc-UTlhfnzV2zQjoxKIDs78rXH627DtHFiLQAUosnTPIQ0iMtJx2kI84p14NowoFQVGGdCzJpHBE1yTnkLsk_3meP0Fjx6fQdg39614nIsaJapVzpHU8VBDZtnJY/s320/19+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
20.Proses Instalasi Linux Mint<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
21.Proses Download Language Packs terjadi karena pc/laptop terhubung ke internet.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrYW7bGm_wgHibRgv0yByk-KCfX9kzqg577nVUC1OLYhKjMXzlVc3_swXzWQRvc7VkL5TtNBp5wdMXeshKFpTxldncVDV9mx9A6KjH7-9hzM3ZTZDP4e_bIM7AKM0RD_zY41Ug_gKs4WA/s1600/21+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrYW7bGm_wgHibRgv0yByk-KCfX9kzqg577nVUC1OLYhKjMXzlVc3_swXzWQRvc7VkL5TtNBp5wdMXeshKFpTxldncVDV9mx9A6KjH7-9hzM3ZTZDP4e_bIM7AKM0RD_zY41Ug_gKs4WA/s320/21+copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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22. Instalasi telah selesai, tekan Restart Now untuk restart pc/laptop dan menikmati Linux Mint 13 Maya.<br />
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Demikian proses instalasi Linux Mint 13 Maya, Selamat mencoba dan menikmati.PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-60539649420441563892012-07-10T04:24:00.001-07:002012-07-17T04:05:57.661-07:00Free Software Cloning Harddisk di LinuxCloning harddisk adalah proses untuk mengcopy seluruh harddisk atau bagian partisi pada harddisk, bisa disebut juga dengan duplikasi dari harddisk yang satu ke harddisk yang lain. Untuk mengcloning harddisk biasanya secara langsung disk to disk atau dibuat kedalam sebuah image file terlebih dahulu. Cloning harddisk dilakukan untuk backup system ataupun backup data. Jadi ketika terjadi kerusakan pada harddisk utama, kita bisa memiliki backup tanpa harus install ulang dari awal untuk system dan copy paste datanya.<br />
<br />
Pasti anda sudah tidak asing lagi dengan software untuk cloning harddisk yaitu norton ghost dan acronis, kedua software ini memang power full untuk masalah cloning harddisk. Tetapi anda harus merogoh kocek yang lumayan untuk mendapatkan software tersebut. Mungkin dengan mencari crack merupakan jalan keluarnya. Tetapi penulis tidak menyarankan untuk melakukannya. Maaf bukan berarti penulis munafik, dulu memang cukup sering cari crack. Tapi sekarang sudah tobat, takut hak untuk penulis diambil juga sama orang lain, karena kita sering crack software buatan orang lain dan itu berarti kita telah mengambil hak orang/perusahaan tersebut. Ini berlaku bagi yang membuat cracknya maupun yang memakainya. he..he.. Peace ah<br />
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Untuk itu penulis menyarankan menggunakan software yang free diantaranya Macrium Reflect, Easeus Todo Backup, XXClone Free, Clonezilla, Ghost for Linux (g4l) dan masih banyak lagi, tinggal searching di google. He..he...<br />
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Kendala penulis untuk cloning harddisk yaitu software tersebut harus di download terus di install di komputer, dan ada juga harus di burn ke cd/dvd kemudian mengubah booting bios ke cd/dvd room, ini lumayan merepotkan. Faktor kendala utama bagi penulis adalah sistem operasi yang digunakan bukan windows, tetapi sistem operasi open source linux tidak menggunakan gui, hanya menggunakan command shell serta komputer berada jauh diluar kota penulis. <br />
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Penulis akhirnya searching kesana kemari mencari alternatif lain, namun kebanyakan referensi untuk cloning harddisk di linux, banyak menggunakan ghost for linux ( g4l ) dan clonezilla. Tanpa sengaja penulis menemukan Job Control Language di Wikipedia. Job Control Language ( JCL ) merupakan bahasa scripting yang digunakan pada sistem operasi mainframe IBM untuk menginstruksikan sistem tentang cara menjalankan pekerjaan batch. Setelah baca panjang lebar, dalam bahasa scripting tersebut ada perintah dd ( Data Description ). Perintah dd ini digunakan untuk convert dan copy file. Kemudian penulis menelusuri lebih dalam lagi mengenai perintah dd. Ternyata perintah dd ini sudah digunakan sejak pertengahan tahun 1980, itu pun kalau tidak salah menterjemahkan, maklum bahasa inggris penulis hanya mengerti back, next, cancel, yes, no, dan finish. he..he... Telah ditulis berulang kali, diterapkan pada beragam sistem serta sudah dilakukan pengujian. Perintah dd menjadi bagian dari paket instalasi pada distribusi Linux dan menjadi tools, command atau perintah yang sering digunakan pada level tingkat rendah pada Unix dan Linux untuk copy dan convert file. <br />
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Perintah atau command dd banyak digunakan untuk backup data karena dapat mengcopy atau duplikasi yang sama persis dari tiap byte harddsik dan menyimpan ke bentuk file image atau ke harddisk yang lain serta dapat restore atau recovery dari hasil backup.<br />
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Untuk lebih jelasnya langsung peraktek saja, perintah atau command yang ada disini sudah penulis coba dan hasilnya sangat memuaskan. Perintahnya sederhana dan selalu ada statement if dan of. If untuk input file atau sumbernya (source) dan Of untuk output file atau tujuannya (destination). <br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=soure of=destination</blockquote>
<br />
untuk memastikan posisi harddisk gunakan perintah fdisk -l<br />
Jika cuma ada /dev/sda berarti cuma ada satu harddisk, jika ada /dev/sda dan /dev/sdb berarti ada 2 harddisk dan seterusnya.<br />
<br />
Cloning<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb<br />
ini berarti membuat cloning seluruh harddisk dari harddisk ke-1 /dev/sda ke harddisk ke-2 /dev/sdb</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1<br />
ini berarti membuat cloning partisi harddisk dari harddisk ke-1 /dev/sda1 ke harddisk ke-2 /dev/sdb1</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda of=/home/pondoklukman/hd.img<br />
ini berarti membuat cloning seluruh harddisk /dev/sda menjadi bentuk image disimpan di /home/pondoklukman</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/home/pondoklukman/partisi2.img<br />
ini berarti membuat cloning partisi harddisk di /dev/sda2 menjadi bentuk image disimpan di /home/pondoklukman</blockquote>
<br />
Restore<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/home/pondoklukman/partisi2.img of=/dev/sda2<br />
ini berarti merestore partisi di /dev/sda2 dari hasil backup yang ada di /home/pondoklukman</blockquote>
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<br />
iso Maker<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/cdroom of=/home/pondoklukman/cdimg.iso<br />
ini berarti membuat file iso dari cdroom di simpan di /home/pnodklukman dengan nama file cdimg.iso</blockquote>
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<br />
<br />
Perintah lainnya yang belum sempat diuji oleh penulis.<br />
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<br />
Transfer via ssh<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda2 | ssh user@domain/ip "(cat > partisi2.img)"</blockquote>
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<br />
Rescue file<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=file.avi of=rescue_file.avi conv=noerror</blockquote>
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<br />
Menganalisa harddisk sesuai blok yang dipilih<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
dd if=/dev/sda2 count=1 skip=10000</blockquote>
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Untuk melihat perintah yang lainya, baca di manualnya dengan cara, man dd.<br />
Dengan adanya perintah atau command shell dd ini, penulis banyak terbantu, tanpa harus download dulu software lalu di install atau tanpa harus burn ke cd/dvd kemudian booting via cd/dvd room. Dan dengan command shell dd ini, bisa dilakukan dengan jarak jauh melalu remote ssh server dan tentunya Open Source sudah pasti Free. Selamat mencoba !<br />
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<!-- End: http://adsensecamp.com/ -->PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-49719773352823848882012-06-19T03:35:00.004-07:002012-07-11T23:01:30.542-07:00Top 10 Helpful SEO Tips for Small Business Owners<div style="text-align: justify;">
Small business owners who have just begun their SEO campaign will
find that there is no end to the depth and complexity inherent in search
engine optimization. Many companies try to take a do-it-yourself
mentality to SEO implementation that ends with them sloppily stringing
together popular search terms or stuffing keywords on contextually
irrelevant web pages. Some businesses implement SEO so poorly that, in
some instances, Google may disregard their website as a spam site. The
result is a significantly low ranking that will make the business show
up in only the most specific term searches.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Starting or running a start up company presents many challenges
for entrepreneurs no matter what the service or product. The last thing
CEO’s may consider is their Internet marketing strategies or Brand
management. In addition, most likely that is not their area of
expertise nor do they have the time to implement the tasks required to
gain the valuable exposure required.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Improperly-handled SEO campaigns are increasingly common these days,
but it is not a fate that need befall all small businesses. It is always
recommended that a company turns to a top SEO agency when approaching
any search engine optimization project. Once a marketing firm has been
selected, then the business will be able to run a successful SEO
campaign. However, it’s important to bear in mind that there are several
key points that should always be kept in mind when approaching SEO.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
1) Identify your Intended Audience</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The first step in any SEO campaign should always be determining who
the intended audience of your good or service is. While it’s easy to
simply focus on your business as the driving force behind your SEO
operations, it always helps to be a more specific in your approach. By
selecting a certain product as the core keyword of your campaign, you
will be able to attract more traffic than otherwise.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
2) Expand your Keyword Focus</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Although your focused keyword may not have a hundred and one uses,
you should always try to be as forward thinking as possible when
considering other optional keywords. Sometimes the search term that
Google looks for may not be the same one that you would have typed when
looking for it yourself. You should always do research to find other
ways that web surfers may try to look up your product or service.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
3) Refine your Website’s Page-to-Page Connectivity</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A well-designed website is one that funnels users from page to page
effortlessly. By interlinking your site so that relevant pages connect
to one another, you’ll find that even the less visited branches of your
website will see more traffic. As a result, you can expect your website
to have better domain authority and, as a result, a higher place among
the search engine rankings.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
4) Keep your Keywords Dynamic</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Even if a particular keyword has generated a lot of traffic during
the course of your SEO campaign, don’t let that prevent you from cycling
your keyword focus. Search trends change as much as social ones do, so
there’s never a guarantee that one term will consistently prove
fruitful. Always be on the lookout for other applicable keywords that
may bring traffic to your website.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
5) Establish your Business on Social Media</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Social media work has become an increasingly popular way to generate
long term website traffic. These days, many SEO agencies focus a lot of
their attention on establishing a follower base for their clients. As
the number of people following your company continues to increase, so
too will the potential customers that may frequent your business’ site.
No matter how big or small your organization may be, you can never have
enough Facebook or Google+ followers.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
6) Go Where the Competition Isn’t</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While it is important that your company builds a significant social
presence on the more popular networks, it’s always a smart move to look
for alternative sites on which to make your business known. As anyone in
the SEO community can tell you, there are several up-and-coming social
networks that have yet to be capitalized on. In addition to establishing
yourself on Facebook or Twitter, consider also extending your social
media campaign to sites like Pinterest as they become available.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
7) Constantly Create Original Content</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Increasing your company’s web traffic and domain authority is only
the first step in your SEO campaign. While some SEO agencies may focus
entirely on getting potential customers to your site, giving users a
reason to stay on your website is going to be vitally important.
Original content, such as a weekly blog or community activities, can go a
long way towards capturing an audience and convincing them to continue
interacting with your site until a sale is made.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
8) Consider Pay-Per-Click as a Way to Create Site Traffic</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While the service that PPC companies provide may not be as attractive
as the long term solutions of most SEO practices, that doesn’t mean
they aren’t useful. PPC advertisements have been a decent way to drive
site traffic volume for over a decade. Should you feel your monthly
analytics aren’t showing the numbers you want to see, consider
supplementing them with PPC work.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
9) Patience is Key</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Even when employing the most methodical and well-run SEO or social
media campaign, one has to keep expectations manageable. Yes, search
engine optimization and other SEO practices can lead to dramatically
improved site traffic and search engine rankings, but they do take time.
After having built up momentum and established your company as a
significant online presence, your website’s analytics will rise sharply.
However, getting there may sometimes take a month or two. One should
always keep this in mind throughout the duration of the campaign.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
10) Always Stay in Contact with your SEO Firm</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
By keeping a close working relationship with your SEO agency, you and
your business will be able to reap a number of benefits. Aside from
having a greater degree of control over the details of your campaign,
you will also be briefed on any setbacks or major developments as they
occur. As a result, your optimization and social media work will go
without a hitch, and you’ll be able to fine tune the particulars of the
campaign as you see fit.<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://www.searchenginejournal.com/top-10-helpful-seo-tips-for-small-business-owners/41085/" target="_blank">searchenginejurnal </a></div>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-11925112759342856582012-06-18T23:56:00.001-07:002012-07-11T23:00:48.671-07:00Comparison of the two Giants Linux vs Windows<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh551E8mrgdyWcfnuGotQDGBjead_t6_0P6SXrC-02l79cHOA54wA-WLXwT0uOh1ec6RUAiP48NruIqq6ChX2m2T653aw2MbVJwPirg-G2XzThhikmMqsbrdtT1mCDkeHNXgNrH3HVT_FI/s1600/windows-vs-linux2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh551E8mrgdyWcfnuGotQDGBjead_t6_0P6SXrC-02l79cHOA54wA-WLXwT0uOh1ec6RUAiP48NruIqq6ChX2m2T653aw2MbVJwPirg-G2XzThhikmMqsbrdtT1mCDkeHNXgNrH3HVT_FI/s320/windows-vs-linux2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Even if you’re a dedicated Windows user you have probably at least
heard of Linux, and it may be possible you even know a few people who
swear by Linux. It wouldn’t be unreasonable for you to often wonder
whether Windows or Linux is the better operating system. One thing to
remember is Linux is different than Windows. You may download Linux
thinking you’re getting a free souped up version of Windows.<br />
Many people do this and are disappointed because they have to learn
the ins and outs of Linux, but most people find once they are familiar
with the operating system it is fairly easy to use. Windows was the
first operating system to break away from DOS and is very user friendly,
but it is not without its problems. Each product has its benefits and
drawbacks. To determine which operating system comes out on top each
deciding factor should be looked at.<br />
Price<br />
As a whole Linux is a free download that can be installed on any
computer, in comparison Windows comes with price range of $60 to $200.
Another price consideration is that the Linux Software is usually
available for free and can easily be downloaded directly onto your
computer. Software for Windows can range in price from $20 to well over
$200. A final price consideration is that Windows is constantly putting
out new window versions that cause users to replace their games and
software.<br />
Reliability<br />
Linux is known for solid reliability and can often be run for months
without ever having to be rebooted. In contrast Windows has always had
reliability problems that require the user to stop what they’re doing
and reboot. Additionally with Windows, the user constantly has to
download patches to improve reliability issues. New versions of Windows
are being developed constantly. For example, programs and software for
Windows 3 are not compatible with Windows Vista or Windows 7.<br />
As Windows keeps fine tuning and upgrading their operating systems,
users have to purchase new programs and reinstall data to keep up with
the current version of Windows they choose. Linux upgrades come as
kernels and address the upgrades and operating issues all in one
download. Linux is basically the same program it was when it was
introduced. This is not to say it is a static program without
advancement, but the advancements are easier and less traumatic to
install and start to use.<br />
Ease of Use<br />
This is the area that personal preference really comes into play. All
in all Linux has a higher ease of use platform, however it isn’t a
natural ease of use and takes a little exploration to develop
understanding. In contrast, Windows has a better ease of use for new
users, the Windows operating system is practically plug and play. Linux
does what Windows does, but it does it differently. Experienced Window
users may find it harder to switch over to Linux than someone who is not
as proficient with their computer since their habits are so ingrained.<br />
With Windows the majority of the choices of programs and preferences
have pretty much been made for users, Linux gives users many choices.
This amount of freedom and choice may intimidate some users, and it is
not uncommon for Window users to get frustrated and stick with Windows
because of the amount of choices to make.<br />
Security<br />
Both operating systems can be attacked at any time; however Linux has
always been very secure and as a result has fewer security problems. In
actuality Windows has a higher level of vulnerability for both viruses
and attacks. There have been online attacks on Windows operating systems
in the past that were so severe that they were turned into national
news.<br />
Window has backdoors easily accessible to malware, viruses and
computer hacks. Linux was designed without any of these doors so it is a
much more secure operating system. Attacks and hacks on Linux are very
infrequent. Users can use Linux with the confidence their computer and
data are more secure than with Windows.<br />
Support<br />
Both Linux and Windows offer a great level of support. Linux has
support available online through documents and many books. Windows like
Linux also has a stream of support options online, however Windows
support is superior to Linux in that it has a built in help solution in
addition to an online chat option that will connect the user to a live
person capable of walking them through any problem. If that weren’t
enough they also have the ability to remotely connect to the users pc
and repair any troubleshooting problem.<br />
Linux support is a community of volunteers and former Window users
may feel frustrated at the lack of speed in which they receive help.
Window users are used to paid-for support and this means quick and
dependable support for their operating system. Linux users realize their
form of support comes from the community of fellow Linux users,
websites or books. This culture shock may be one of the biggest hurdles
to get over when considering switching to or installing Linux.<br />
Making Your Choice<br />
It’s clear that Linux is superior to Windows across the board,
however new users and users that want the security of knowing there’s
help when they need it, would be wise to stick with a Windows platform
since support for Linux is purely on a volunteer basis. Users must also
be ready to learn how to use Linux and realize it is not Windows. Many
Linux users say once they learned the ins and outs of the operating
system they found it easy to use and very secure.<br />
For those who are ready to get a safer, more reliable and cost
effective system, Linux is definitely the way to go. It really comes
down to whether someone wants to stay within their comfort zone, or step
out of it and spend a little time learning the basics behind everything
that Linux has to offer.<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://rinf.com/alt-news/business-news/comparison-of-the-two-giants-linux-vs-windows/13217/" target="_blank">rinf </a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-89413173536786969892012-06-14T02:07:00.002-07:002012-07-11T23:00:18.605-07:00Free your desktop with Fedora 17<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWYR_UEUFB0NrPw2mTZu8K75w1x-m7C8yQ-Brd7w6DB0AqRL7u3-uv9qjkY5s3L3Cb40A5Z7FOMe1YnJkJ26uu0pwAAS2y2Rs3GOvsUImD9h9Mr2gsxEAbze0LycCw15DZBRkuRgPrqIg/s1600/fedora17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWYR_UEUFB0NrPw2mTZu8K75w1x-m7C8yQ-Brd7w6DB0AqRL7u3-uv9qjkY5s3L3Cb40A5Z7FOMe1YnJkJ26uu0pwAAS2y2Rs3GOvsUImD9h9Mr2gsxEAbze0LycCw15DZBRkuRgPrqIg/s320/fedora17.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Fedora is a fast, stable, and powerful operating system for everyday use
built by a worldwide community of friends. It's completely free to use,
study, and share.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Fedora 17 released on May 29, 2012</h3>
This is the latest version of the Fedora
Linux operating system's Desktop Edition. It's everything you need to
try out Fedora — you don't have to erase anything on your current system
to try it out, and it won't put your files at risk. Take Fedora for a
test drive, and if you like it, you can install Fedora directly to your
hard drive straight from the Live Media desktop if you like.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Fedora Desktops</h3>
There are multiple desktops available for use
with Fedora. Each has a slightly different look and feel and offers
varying levels of customization. Desktops affect how windows, icons,
menus, and various basic desktop interfaces look and feel. You may want
to try a few different ones and figure out which one is best for you!<br />
<h4 class="area-callout">
Download Fedora 17 Desktop Edition</h4>
<h4 class="area-callout">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The GNOME-based default Fedora Desktop </span></h4>
<h4>
Direct Download</h4>
<a href="http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/17/Live/i686/Fedora-17-i686-Live-Desktop.iso" target="_blank">Fedora 17 32 Bit</a><br />
<a href="http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/17/Live/x86_64/Fedora-17-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso" target="_blank">Fedora 17 64 Bit</a><br />
<h4>
BitTorrent</h4>
<a href="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/torrents/Fedora-17-i386-DVD.torrent" target="_blank">Fedora 17 32 Bit</a><br />
<a href="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/torrents/Fedora-17-x86_64-DVD.torrent" target="_blank">Fedora 17 64 Bit</a><br />
<br />
<h4>
Other Mirror</h4>
<a href="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?path=pub/fedora/linux/releases/17/Fedora/i386/iso/Fedora-17-i386-DVD.iso" target="_blank">Fedora 17 32 Bit</a><br />
<a href="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?path=pub/fedora/linux/releases/17/Fedora/x86_64/iso/Fedora-17-x86_64-DVD.iso" target="_blank">Fedora 17 64 Bit</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Authors : <a href="http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CGUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffedoraproject.org%2F&ei=TKzZT-yiB8nrrQeTqKnwBw&usg=AFQjCNGVilHCr2Vq2yk56pgdB1EFPXQS9A" target="_blank">fedoraproject</a><br />
<br />PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-33081457432574146182012-06-13T18:35:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:59:42.497-07:00Release for CentOS 5.8<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD08CypiDuGdXPkjrW6W74D7wzDCy7VTgU5dFZSPXrC2OayisyWshnbECI8hpZl1Kol-4WKxbqo1P9kB6wNB4LyuaxY6vnp2o3O8J9D_NcYY70PibSKIxmwGYVDVVCNQpro77d-kEgeII/s1600/centos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD08CypiDuGdXPkjrW6W74D7wzDCy7VTgU5dFZSPXrC2OayisyWshnbECI8hpZl1Kol-4WKxbqo1P9kB6wNB4LyuaxY6vnp2o3O8J9D_NcYY70PibSKIxmwGYVDVVCNQpro77d-kEgeII/s1600/centos.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
CentOS is an Enterprise-class Linux Distribution derived from sources
freely provided to the public by a prominent North American Enterprise
Linux vendor. CentOS conforms fully with the upstream vendor's
redistribution policy and aims to be 100% binary compatible. (CentOS
mainly changes packages to remove upstream vendor branding and
artwork.) CentOS is free.<br />
<br />
CentOS is developed by a small but
growing team of core developers. In turn the core developers are
supported by an active user community including system administrators,
network administrators, enterprise users, managers, core Linux
contributors and Linux enthusiasts from around the world.<br />
<br />
<div class="blockTitle">
CentOS 6 Releases</div>
<div class="blockContent">
December 20th 2011<br />
<br />
The CentOS team is pleased to <a href="http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2011-December/018335.html" target="_blank">announce</a> the immediate availability of CentOS-6.2 for i386 and x86_64 Architectures.<br />
<br />
CentOS-6.2 is based on the upstream release EL 6.2 and includes<br />
packages from all variants. All upstream repositories have been combined into one, to make it easier for end users to work with.<br />
<br />
There
are some important changes to this release compared with the previous
versions of CentOS and we highly recommend reading this announcement
along with the <a href="http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.2" target="_blank">Release Notes</a>.<br />
<br />
LiveCDs and LiveDVDs for i386 and x86_64 are also released. These bring in the ability to directly install from the live media.<br />
<br />
There is also a minimal install CD that will get you a very small base install that you can add to.<br />
<br />
And now: Have fun.<br />
<br />
Release Notes: <a href="http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS6.2" target="_blank">CentOS</a> <br />
Download: <a href="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/isos/i386/" target="_blank">i386</a> | <a href="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/isos/x86_64/" target="_blank">x86_64</a></div>
<div class="blockContent">
</div>
<div class="blockContent">
<div class="blockTitle">
CentOS 5 Releases</div>
<div class="blockContent">
March 2012<br />
<br />
The
CentOS team is pleased to announce the availability of CentOS 5.8.
Major changes in CentOS 5.8 compared to CentOS 5.7 include:<br />
<br />
Several updates to hardware drivers in the kernel<br />
Upgrades to Firefox 10.x and Thunderbird 10.x<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Links:</b><br />
<a href="http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2012-March/018478.html" target="_blank">Distro Release Announcement</a> | <br />
Documentation: <a href="http://www.centos.org/docs/5/" target="_blank">CentOS 5</a><br />
<br />
Release Notes: <a href="http://wiki.centos.org/Manuals/ReleaseNotes/CentOS5.8" target="_blank">CentOS</a> <br />
Download: <a href="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5/isos/i386/" target="_blank">i386</a> | <a href="http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5/isos/x86_64/" target="_blank">x86_64</a></div>
<div class="blockContent">
</div>
<div class="blockContent">
Authors : <a href="http://www.centos.org/" target="_blank">centos </a></div>
</div>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-57043235437650095292012-06-13T05:20:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:58:58.278-07:00Kumpulan Cheat Games 2012Pada kesempatan ini, ane mau berbagi cheat games untuk semua Platform, dengan judul Kumpulan Cheat Games 2012 Terbaru. Terus terang semua jenis games lengkap tersedia disini mulai dari PC Games, Console Games, Gameboy Advance, Gameboy Color, Gamecube, iPhone, N-Gage, Nintendo DS, Nintendo64, Playstation 1, Playstation 2, Playstation 3, Sega, Sony PSP, Super Nintendo, Wii, Xbox dan Xbox 360.<br />
<br />
Buat ane kumpulan cheat games ini sangat berguna karena dengan satu file dengan ukuran tidak besar, bisa terdapat semua cheat games. Mulai games jaman jadul sampai games jaman modern sekarang ini, semua lengkap tersaji disini. Kumpulan Cheat Games 2012 ini selain lengkap, juga freeware alias gratis, jadi bisa bebas dipakai oleh siapa saja.<br />
<br />
Kumpulan cheat games ini bernama Cheatbook Database 2012, buatan dari jerman, dibuat mulai dari tahun 2009 dan bisa berjalan di <span id="intelliTxt" style="background-color: white; color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP/Vista/7</span></span>.<br />
<br />
Berikut ane siapkan link buat downloadnya :<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi86eLbOVZ_XVr-yFr-cvZRZ-Q02G7W0Y7qp1o_GTAGccsl2XGqL2Swfbv2AT4Jl04oaNQe4Se4ca1Z6dAL0LNyqDiZGNDZ_B6AX70kzOQ_w17IjxLxNg2v1dEY0PknFczJEReAiKvQhFo/s1600/cheat+games.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi86eLbOVZ_XVr-yFr-cvZRZ-Q02G7W0Y7qp1o_GTAGccsl2XGqL2Swfbv2AT4Jl04oaNQe4Se4ca1Z6dAL0LNyqDiZGNDZ_B6AX70kzOQ_w17IjxLxNg2v1dEY0PknFczJEReAiKvQhFo/s1600/cheat+games.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://adf.ly/9t3hP" target="_blank">Download</a></div>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-8127230590787410662012-05-31T11:38:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:57:46.074-07:00Fedora vs CentOSEnd of era for my <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/">Fedora</a> based server after almost five years of service. The box now runs <a href="http://centos.org/">CentOS</a>. I had this box at home and it was the only <b>Fedora Server</b> I ever maintained at home or elsewhere. I should state from the beginning that it was only Fedora’s short <i>life-cycle</i> that practically forced me to switch. Other than that, I’ve never encountered a single issue with its <b>performance</b>, <b>stability</b> or <b>security</b>,
even if I had been upgrading through yum since Fedora Core 3 (upgrading
through yum is probably still an officially unsupported feature).<br />
<span id="more-1225"></span><br />
You have probably read several times on this website about the stability issues I had faced on my <b>Fedora Desktop</b>. All those issues were entirely related to <i>graphical applications</i> and are common among all Linux distributions that are used as desktop operating systems. There is a huge <i>gap in quality</i>
between the software that is used to run a WWW, SMTP, FTP, et cetera
server and the software that is used on Linux desktops. Anyway, I won’t
go into the details of this topic in the current post. I would like to
say only this: If Fedora’s <i>short life-cycle</i> and the <i>frequent updates</i> are not a problem to you, then Fedora automatically becomes a very strong candidate for your server.<br />
Having used <b>Red Hat Linux</b>, <b>CentOS</b> and <b>Fedora</b>
over time I have finally come to several conclusions about each of them
(well RHL has reached EOL). Below, I try to summarize the advantages
and downsides of each of the last two distributions both as an operating
system for a server and as a project to which you might want to
contribute (since you use it on your boxes):<br />
<h4>
CentOS</h4>
Advantages:<br />
<ul>
<li>Almost guaranteed <b>stability</b>. The distribution includes old but proven versions of software which are very unlikely to have serious <i>security</i> or <i>blocker</i> bugs. “<i>Almost</i>” is used because you get true <b>guaranteed</b> stability only by using <i>Red Hat Enterprise Linux</i> (RHEL), which is available under contract by Red Hat Inc.</li>
<li>The CentOS or better the <a href="http://www.redhat.com/security/updates/errata/">RHEL Life-Cycle</a> is <b>7 years</b>.</li>
</ul>
Disadvantages:<br />
<ul>
<li>The included software on the base repositories does not fully cover the needs of a <i>modern server</i>. Using software from <b>3rd party repositories</b>
has become a common practice among CentOS users. There are some
well-known repositories, but it may happen that you have to use a
package from a repository that is not so popular or (many times)
completely unknown. Using software from 3rd party repositories renders
your installation less secure.</li>
<li>If a <b>bug</b> is not security-related, it may take
several months (sometimes more than a year) to get fixed. Although the
sources are the same with RHEL, except for the artwork, logos and
release notes, CentOS has its own bug tracking system, which is
completely unrelated to the Red Hat bug tracking system, meaning that
they do not monitor or notify each other for bug submissions and fixes,
despite the fact that the two OSes are almost alike. In practice, this
is worse than it sounds. Things *could* be better.</li>
<li>The organization of the <i>community</i> behind CentOS is not very
clear. Even if you want to contribute some time and effort you will
have to accept some things “as is”. In general, it is nowhere near the
organization and openness of the Fedora community.</li>
<li>CentOS does not differ from the vast majority of Linux distributions
when it comes to your relationship as a contributor to the project,
which is mostly governed by “bro” rules and practices.</li>
</ul>
<h4>
Fedora</h4>
Advantages:<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Software availability</b>. The project’s repositories
contain a huge amount of packages, which have been built with common,
well-documented packaging guidelines. Almost any software a modern
server may require can be found in the main RPM repository. Only in rear
occasions you will need a 3rd party repo.</li>
<li>A well-organized <b>community</b> around the project. All procedures are open and well-documented.</li>
<li>Professional procedures and practices govern your relationship to the project as a contributor.</li>
<li>Bugs are resolved rather quickly, especially blocker bugs.</li>
</ul>
Disadvantages:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/LifeCycle">Short life-cycle</a> of about 13 months.</li>
<li>Theoritically, <b>less stable</b> versions of software
than CentOS or RHEL. Even the server software is updated too often.
Despite of the high quality of the server software, the frequent updates
makes it “feel” less stable. From my own experience though, I’d say
that, if CentOS gets an “<b>100% Stable</b>” label, a Fedora Server gets a <b>99.5%</b>.
Personally, although I had set up several services on the box, I never
had any stability issues, but that does not necessarily mean that they
do not exist.</li>
</ul>
As you can see, both distributions have their downsides. Now that I
have written all the above, I think that there is a gap between the two
OSes, which could be filled by a 3rd operating system. A system that
would be more modern than CentOS, but less “cutting edge” than Fedora,
and which would have a life-cycle of about 3-4 years. That would be very
interesting.<br />
Personally, I have successfully used both operating systems as
servers for several years. I cannot make up my mind and decide which one
better meets a server’s requirements. As I have previously mentioned, I
decided to fully switch to CentOS because of the significantly longer
life-cycle.<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://g-loaded.eu/">g-loaded.eu</a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-61765789700232155962012-05-19T10:30:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:56:57.426-07:00Setting dan Configuration Access Point on Mikrotik Device Via Winbox<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7">Access Point</span> is a place that became the center of several <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6">connections</span> are <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3">connected</span>. This tool is also known as Cross Box. If viewed from the standpoint of a phone connection, the Access Point is a box <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5">where the</span> phone cord from the telephone subscribers are connected. Function of the Access Point is a Hub / Switch which acts to connect a <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2">local network</span> with a wireless network / wireless its clients
<br />
<div class="fullpost">
<br />
<span class="fullpost">
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4">The Function</span> of Access Point supposing as a <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0013ES6A8/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=healthoccupat-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B0013ES6A8" target="_blank">Hub / Switch</a> on the local network, which acts to connect the local network with a wireless network / wireless clients / your neighbors, at this access point
internet connection from where you are emitted or transmitted via radio
waves, the strength of the signal is also affecting to the area will be
covered, the higher of signal strength (size in units of dBm or mW) as
long as wider scope.</span></div>
<span class="fullpost">
<br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost">In this article will describe how to setting up and how <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8">to configure</span> Access Point at the Mikrotik Via Winbox. Here are step by step to configure Access Point at the Mikrotik Using Winbox Application.</span></div>
<span class="fullpost">
<br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Login to your Mikrotik Device</span> from Mac Address Device or Ip address Via Winbox Application, to see detail look at the picture below:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj755EGEyHMaJiX7MxKqB1FixHwzUpV8mpc1oMf6RBzXdtTpC_Jzd2zZw7xOPerdKPKLPi4KGGRV9ErkNfWM3PlA7dOxrgWZPExWLsJxHRPnjL90MXBYUIxtn72wiaiQYiGIFzvjuOG4vjX/s1600/ap1.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461437148715015938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj755EGEyHMaJiX7MxKqB1FixHwzUpV8mpc1oMf6RBzXdtTpC_Jzd2zZw7xOPerdKPKLPi4KGGRV9ErkNfWM3PlA7dOxrgWZPExWLsJxHRPnjL90MXBYUIxtn72wiaiQYiGIFzvjuOG4vjX/s320/ap1.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 165px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a>Look first at the interface tab from the menu Winbox ... .. whatever there and active, <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11">there will</span>
usually appears interfaces Ether1, ether2, ether3 and subsequently as
well as interface Wlan1, wlan2 and beyond. Choose which interface you
use. Then start doing the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1">configuration</span> settings on Mikrotik Access Point.</span></div>
<span class="fullpost">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In this section, We illustrate only 1 (one) interface that is ether1
ether and 1 (one) Interface wlan1. Ether1 is the path that we will
connect with the Local Network and wlan1 is the path that we will
connect with the wireless network / our wireless clients. Two of these
interfaces that we use for setting Access Point at the Mikrotik Device.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkFuEyKEEKM8xhE1F5ItmdA2VUDdSuz7WhXsTL2QEauGoIgkgoK82HnercVTZZhAf8-ii4CyZv5y-4FYDEBOCBvUZv2giCVuT3o-jlICNS2_MwAKUO55IyjEUhOggqbm3XU-D4r8h_h35C/s1600/ap2.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461437142227989730" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkFuEyKEEKM8xhE1F5ItmdA2VUDdSuz7WhXsTL2QEauGoIgkgoK82HnercVTZZhAf8-ii4CyZv5y-4FYDEBOCBvUZv2giCVuT3o-jlICNS2_MwAKUO55IyjEUhOggqbm3XU-D4r8h_h35C/s320/ap2.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 137px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Langkah selanjutnya Setting IP Address</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ip untuk interface ether1 adalah ip untuk menyambungkan ke jaringan
local, dan ip untuk interface wlan1 adalah untuk menghubungkan ke
jaringan wireless/wireless clients. Sebagai contoh setting ip pada kedua
ionterface tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Next Step is Setting an IP Address</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ip for interface ether1 is to connect with the local network, and IP for
interface wlan1 is ip to connect with wireless network / wireless
clients. For example in both interface ip settings are as follows:</div>
<br />
Menu Winbox:<br />
IP…Address…Add<br />
Ip for interface ether1: 10.xx.xx.xx/27<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ip untuk interface wlan1: 10.xx.xx.xx/30<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZ6Sy7dSCv4-MqnN_HVjnPCJVH8UlLcKOYmT9xX6XD25dlUGokY61nH1WdmsHGmthyphenhyphenjbXEvgLPwEXk1et8X_MAhQbcbm5K0LfM9vmJJ64F1BpkhcCiW3Ql3mq6qFXgQ_Y6zmKO9bLByyJ/s1600/ap3.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461437139194719554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOZ6Sy7dSCv4-MqnN_HVjnPCJVH8UlLcKOYmT9xX6XD25dlUGokY61nH1WdmsHGmthyphenhyphenjbXEvgLPwEXk1et8X_MAhQbcbm5K0LfM9vmJJ64F1BpkhcCiW3Ql3mq6qFXgQ_Y6zmKO9bLByyJ/s320/ap3.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 179px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Next step are set the Gateway that we will use</span></div>
Menu Winbox:<br />
IP--------Routes----Add<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For Example Ip Gateway: 114.xx.xx.xx<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2q74_sQ749Rn_jaHEpVAxR_uaFknh6dnct8yYnv6p8wyWp50XC33vsuf08BSo5O5KPVMwsCTLE536gsGQTHklHOhSmuesigFJivZNPTvkvNuuPe4aZZfuwwBQKpn4OUr18LGATKs3Ek_/s1600/ap4.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461436962798401650" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2q74_sQ749Rn_jaHEpVAxR_uaFknh6dnct8yYnv6p8wyWp50XC33vsuf08BSo5O5KPVMwsCTLE536gsGQTHklHOhSmuesigFJivZNPTvkvNuuPe4aZZfuwwBQKpn4OUr18LGATKs3Ek_/s320/ap4.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 230px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Adding Bridge</span>, that is a way to extend or connect two or more (multiple), ethernet / network segment</div>
<br />
Menu Winbox:<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Bridge…..Bridges…add<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEOEsJAj3kpLWD6YZVpg-El6Sfuu5KLA7wUeibkvEozlLNKKGZKZRA5kptCim2yHH2c6tMNYizxXbasgEGeNbCZ5GaFzPTzdxnkD-ru8NynRmW2r93bmk8P3H8DJAyTwSZIo16mDmcUS3L/s1600/ap5.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461436955093859762" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEOEsJAj3kpLWD6YZVpg-El6Sfuu5KLA7wUeibkvEozlLNKKGZKZRA5kptCim2yHH2c6tMNYizxXbasgEGeNbCZ5GaFzPTzdxnkD-ru8NynRmW2r93bmk8P3H8DJAyTwSZIo16mDmcUS3L/s320/ap5.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 205px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Adding and setting Tunnel Eoip</span>, ie components that can function in a transparent bridge to a remote network.</div>
<br />
Menu Winbox:<br />
Interface……Add….Eoip Tunnel<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For detail see picture below:<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4Nx35lkknsboyfUNN9OWwXz371yoTpQ2SW3eXMzYNTGuvgmafkfyyVnKnik9i3JigvwMWuWQCBBsLIpJ_XQJvyN9jrIFIdpiWPErX5kPMN6INW0CrETuTzITr_TyNMNJj-ublNOdkWNn/s1600/ap6.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461436951384754210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4Nx35lkknsboyfUNN9OWwXz371yoTpQ2SW3eXMzYNTGuvgmafkfyyVnKnik9i3JigvwMWuWQCBBsLIpJ_XQJvyN9jrIFIdpiWPErX5kPMN6INW0CrETuTzITr_TyNMNJj-ublNOdkWNn/s320/ap6.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 249px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Setting Port Bridge</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Port that will be on the bridge so that can be connected with local networks and wireless networks / wireless client that is Eoip Tunnel and ether1.</div>
<br />
Menu Winbox:<br />
Bridge…..Ports….Add…<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
See picture for details<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvjFfN5tXPP-_MiSkw2rrG1PfQCpjPQLt2lhZ9yKNFsSknCDeJSUVKI3AiRVKIdX_s0EeNn8RUQ8-K-bstgQ2chr_uhSZNCdM3ZyPV7-MShAz1ryCKEfNeaKytY03pdfjqjg3d_SuYTdf/s1600/ap7.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461436945582391682" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvjFfN5tXPP-_MiSkw2rrG1PfQCpjPQLt2lhZ9yKNFsSknCDeJSUVKI3AiRVKIdX_s0EeNn8RUQ8-K-bstgQ2chr_uhSZNCdM3ZyPV7-MShAz1ryCKEfNeaKytY03pdfjqjg3d_SuYTdf/s320/ap7.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 179px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a>Setting and configuration Access Point on the mikrotik device has been completed and is ready to be connected with Wireless Networking / Wireless client.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Go to Winbox and look at the tab menu on Wireless, enabling interface
wlan1 if these interface is not enabled. Double click on the wlan1
interface and setting it, and connect it with your wireless network /
wireless clients that you've prepared. See picture Below:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-y8NutyWzeVARQ7siWIx3fMb5f6KJz7f6ZkgUDnkKXwEWFy317jvNFuNnllUf4h-Va5rrYI08adfx4qhopP2D83Dqgf9J403ICCOXjIbdBWaKiZrNoM83F_XzlG1qnLon-5eDqFOnuLXS/s1600/ap8.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461436943974985362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-y8NutyWzeVARQ7siWIx3fMb5f6KJz7f6ZkgUDnkKXwEWFy317jvNFuNnllUf4h-Va5rrYI08adfx4qhopP2D83Dqgf9J403ICCOXjIbdBWaKiZrNoM83F_XzlG1qnLon-5eDqFOnuLXS/s320/ap8.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 251px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a></div>
</span></div>
<br />
Authors <a href="http://reviewsdaily.blogspot.com/2010/04/step-by-step-setting-dan-configuration.html" target="_blank">reviewsdaily.blogspot.com</a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-19775637167762433852012-05-02T20:28:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:56:14.284-07:00Cisco IOS Router Commands<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"><b>Routing with Cisco 2500 and 1000 Series for LAN-ISDN Service</b></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Commands - General</span></h3>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">There are 3 different modes of operation within the Cisco IOS.</span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Disabled mode </span> </li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Enabled mode </span> </li>
<li><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Configuration mode </span> </li>
</ol>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">In the <b>Disabled</b> mode you can use a limited number of commands. This is
used primarily to monitor the router.</span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The <b>Enabled</b> mode is used to show configuration information, enter the
configuration mode, and make changes to the configuration.</span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The <b>Configuration</b> mode is used to enter and update the runtime
configuration.</span><br />
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">To get a list of the commands for the cisco type '?' at the prompt. To get
further information about any command, type the command followed by a '?'.</span><br />
<div align="left">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">clear</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Reset functions</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">clock</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Manage the system clock</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">configure</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Enter configuration mode</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">debug</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Debugging functions (see also 'undebug')</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">disable</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Turn off privileged commands</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">enable</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Turn on privileged commands</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">erase</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Erase flash or configuration memory</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">exit</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Exit from the EXEC</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">help</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Description of the interactive help system</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">login</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Log in as a particular user</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">logout</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Exit from the EXEC</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">no</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Disable debugging functions</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">ping</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Send echo messages</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">reload</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Halt and perform a cold restart</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">setup</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Run the SETUP command facility</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">show</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show running system information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">telnet</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Open a telnet connection</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">terminal</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Set terminal line parameters</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">test</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Test subsystems, memory, and interfaces</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">traceroute</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Trace route to destination</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">tunnel</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Open a tunnel connection</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">undebug</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Disable debugging functions (see also 'debug')</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">verify</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Verify checksum of a Flash file</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">write</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Write running configuration to memory, network, or terminal</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><hr />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><b>show</b></span></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">access-lists</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">List access lists</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">arp</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">ARP table</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">buffers</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Buffer pool statistics</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">configuration</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Contents of Non-Volatile memory</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">controllers</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Interface controller status</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">debugging</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">State of each debugging option</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">dialer</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Dialer parameters and statistics</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">extended</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Extended Interface Information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">flash</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">System Flash information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">flh-log</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Flash Load Helper log buffer</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">history</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Display the session command history</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">hosts</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">IP domain-name, lookup style, name servers, and host table</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">interfaces</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Interface status and configuration</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">ip</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">IP information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">isdn</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">ISDN information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">line</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">TTY line information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">logging </span> </td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show the contents of logging buffers</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">memory</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Memory statistics</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">privilege</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show current privilege level</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">processes</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Active process statistics</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">protocols</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Active network routing protocols</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">queue</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show queue contents</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">queueing</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show queueing configuration</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">reload</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Scheduled reload information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">route-map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">route-map information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">running-config </span> </td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Current operating configuration</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">sessions </span> </td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Information about Telnet connections</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">smf</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Software MAC filter</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">stacks</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Process stack utilization</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">startup-config</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Contents of startup configuration</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">subsys</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Show subsystem information</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">tcp</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Status of TCP connections</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">terminal</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Display terminal configuration parameters</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">users</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Display information about terminal lines</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">version</span></td>
<td><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">System hardware and software status</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Other Useful Commands</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#software"><span style="color: navy;">View the Software Version</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#ethernet%20IP"><span style="color: navy;">View the Ethernet IP</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#serial%20IP"><span style="color: navy;">View the Serial IP</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#default%20route"><span style="color: navy;">View the Default Route</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#filters"><span style="color: navy;">View the Filters</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#bandwidth"><span style="color: navy;">View the Bandwidth</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#static%20route"><span style="color: navy;">Add a Static Route</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#change%20number"><span style="color: navy;">Change the Dial Number</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#turn%20filters"><span style="color: navy;">Turn Filters On and Off</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#ping"><span style="color: navy;">Ping from the Router</span></a><span style="color: navy;"><br />
</span>
<a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm#traceroute"><span style="color: navy;">Traceroute from the Router</span></a></span><br />
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="software">View the Software Version</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Cisco>en
Cisco#wr term <--- Shows the running configuration
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Cisco
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay lmi-type ansi
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
bandwidth 1536
keepalive 5
frame-relay map ip 192.168.4.1 101 IETF
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.6.0
neighbor 192.168.6.2
neighbor 192.168.4.1
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.6.2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.4.1
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="ethernet IP">View the Ethernet IP</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Router#wr term
This will show the running configuration.
Within the configuration, you will see an interface ethernet 0 section:
interface Ethernet0
ip address 38.150.93.1 255.255.255.0
no ip directed-broadcast
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="serial IP">View the Serial IP</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Router#wr term
Within the configuration, you will see an interface serial 0 section:
interface Serial0
ip address 38.21.10.100 255.255.255.0
ip broadcast-address 38.21.10.255
ip access-group 106 in
encapsulation frame-relay
bandwidth 56
no fair-queue
frame-relay map ip 38.21.10.1 500 IETF
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">View the Default Route</span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Router#wr term
Within the configuration, you will see an ip route section.
In the ip route section, look for a route:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 38.167.29.1
The last ip address is the POP ip.
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="filters">View the Filters</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Router#wr term
Under interface serial 0, look for:
ip access-group 104 in
ip access-group 105 out
This means that access-group 104 is the inbound filter set and
access-group 105 is the outbound filter set.
Then, continue to look in the configuration for the access-list statements:
(Example access-list statements)
access-list 104 deny ip 38.166.101.0 0.0.0.255 any
access-list 104 permit tcp any any established
access-list 104 permit tcp any eq ftp-data any gt 1023
access-list 104 permit udp any eq domain any gt 1023
access-list 104 permit udp any eq domain any eq domain
access-list 104 permit icmp any any
access-list 104 permit udp any eq snmp any gt 1023
access-list 105 deny ip any 38.166.101.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 105 permit tcp any any established
access-list 105 permit tcp any any eq ftp
access-list 105 deny udp any eq netbios-ns any
access-list 105 deny udp any eq netbios-dgm any
access-list 105 permit ip any any
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="bandwidth">View the Bandwidth</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Router#wr term
Within the config, you will see an interface serial 0 section:
interface Serial0
ip address 38.21.10.100 255.255.255.0
ip broadcast-address 38.21.10.255
ip access-group 106 in
encapsulation frame-relay
bandwidth 56
no fair-queue
frame-relay map ip 38.21.10.1 500 IETF
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="static route">Add a Static Route</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Cisco#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Cisco(config)#ip route DEST.DEST.DEST.DEST MASK.MASK.MASK.MASK GATE.GATE.GATE.GATE
where: DEST.DEST.DEST.DEST = The destination network the static route is for
MASK.MASK.MASK.MASK = The subnet mask of the destination network
GATE.GATE.GATE.GATE = The gateway of the static route
Example route statement:
ip route 38.222.75.0 255.255.255.0 38.20.5.1
Cisco(config)#^Z (hit <control> z)
Write the entry to memory:
Cisco#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Change the Dial Number</span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Type en to put the router in enable mode:
test.com>en
The password should be the same as the one used to telnet in.
Password:
To view the router's configuration, type:
test.com#show config
There will be a line in the configuration that says:
dialer map IP 38.1.1.1 speed 64 name LD3330 2707000
The 2707000 is the dial number.
<b>NOTE: Record what interface the dialer map IP line is under because you will need to
use that interface when changing the number.
</b>
Type config t to configure from terminal.
test.com#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Enter the interface that the dialer map IP line is under:
test.com(config)#interface BRI0
Add in the new dialer map IP line with the new phone number:
test.com(config)#dialer map IP 38.1.1.1 speed 64 name LD3330 [new number]
Now, remove the old dialer map IP line.
To remove a line, type no and then the line.
For example, to remove the old dialer map IP, type:
test.com(config)#no dialer map IP 38.1.1.1 speed 64 name LD3330 2707020
Now leave config mode:
test.com(config)# [control] z
Save changes:
test.com# write mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
<b>Verify the new number is in the config:</b>
test.com#show config
The new number should be in the dialer map IP line.</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="turn filters">Turn Filters On and Off</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;"><i>To turn the filters off:
</i>
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0
Router(config-if)#no ip access-group 104 in
Router(config-if)#no ip access-group 105 out
Router(config-if)# Hit CTRL-Z
Router#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#
<i>To turn the filters on:
</i>
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface Serial0
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 104 in
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 105 out
Router(config-if)# Hit CTRL-Z
Router#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<h4>
<span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8223600105121406796" name="ping">Ping from the Router</a></span></h4>
<blockquote>
<pre><span style="color: navy; font-family: Arial;">Cisco#ping <hostname>
Example:
Cisco#ping 38.8.14.2</span></pre>
</blockquote>
<br />
Authors <a href="http://www.tomax7.com/mcse/cisco_commands.htm" target="_blank">www.tomax7.com </a><br />
<br />PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-22799083806231991962012-04-12T23:51:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:55:25.373-07:00Firewall Configuration TutorialHow do I configure a host-based firewall called Netfilter (iptables) under CentOS / RHEL / Fedora / Redhat Enterprise Linux?<br />
<span id="more-5721"></span><br />
Netfilter is a host-based firewall for Linux operating systems. It is
included as part of the Linux distribution and it is activated by
default. This firewall is controlled by the program called iptables.
Netfilter filtering take place at the kernel level, before a program can
even process the data from the network packet.<br />
<div style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/redhat-and-friends/" title="See all Redhat/CentOS/Fedora Core related FAQ"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://files.cyberciti.biz/cbzcache/3rdparty/rhlogo.gif" /></a></div>
<h2>
Iptables Config File</h2>
The default config files for RHEL / CentOS / Fedora Linux are:<br />
<ul>
<li>/etc/sysconfig/iptables - The system scripts that activate the firewall by reading this file.</li>
</ul>
<div style="float: right; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/iptables/" title="See all Firewall related FAQ"><img border="0" src="http://files.cyberciti.biz/cbzcache/3rdparty/firewall.png" /></a></div>
<h2>
Task: Display Default Rules</h2>
Type the following command:<br />
<code>iptables --line-numbers -n -L</code><br />
Sample outputs:<br />
<pre>Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
2 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255
3 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353
4 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53
5 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
7 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:53
8 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited</pre>
<h2>
Task: Turn On Firewall</h2>
Type the following two commands to turn on firewall:<br />
<pre class="bash">chkconfig iptables on
service iptables start
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># restart the firewall</span>
service iptables restart
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># stop the firewall</span>
service iptables stop</pre>
<h2>
Understanding Firewall</h2>
There are total 4 chains:<br />
<ol>
<li><b>INPUT</b>
- The default chain is used for packets addressed to the system. Use
this to open or close incoming ports (such as 80,25, and 110 etc) and ip
addresses / subnet (such as 202.54.1.20/29).</li>
<li><b>OUTPUT</b>
- The default chain is used when packets are generating from the
system. Use this open or close outgoing ports and ip addresses /
subnets.</li>
<li><b>FORWARD</b> - The default chains is used
when packets send through another interface. Usually used when you setup
Linux as router. For example, eth0 connected to ADSL/Cable modem and
eth1 is connected to local LAN. Use FORWARD chain to send and receive
traffic from LAN to the Internet.</li>
<li><b>RH-Firewall-1-INPUT </b>- This is a user-defined custom chain. It is used by the INPUT, OUTPUT and FORWARD chains.</li>
</ol>
<h3>
Packet Matching Rules</h3>
<ol>
<li>Each packet starts at the first rule in the chain .</li>
<li>A packet proceeds until it matches a rule.</li>
<li>If a match found, then control will jump to the specified target (such as REJECT, ACCEPT, DROP).</li>
</ol>
<h3>
Target Meanings</h3>
<ol>
<li>The target <b><span style="color: #99cc00;">ACCEPT</span></b> means allow packet.</li>
<li>The target <b><span style="color: #ff6600;">REJECT</span></b> means to drop the packet and send an error message to remote host.</li>
<li>The target <b><span style="color: red;">DROP</span></b> means drop the packet and do not send an error message to remote host or sending host.</li>
</ol>
<h2>
/etc/sysconfig/iptables</h2>
Edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables, enter:<br />
<code># vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables</code><br />
You will see default rules as follows:<br />
<pre>*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
</pre>
<h3>
Drop All Traffic</h3>
Find lines:<br />
<pre class="ini">*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">[0:0]</span>
:FORWARD ACCEPT <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">[0:0]</span>
:OUTPUT ACCEPT <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">[0:0]</span></pre>
Update as follows to change the default policy to DROP from ACCEPT for the INPUT and FORWARD built-in chains:<br />
<pre class="ini">:INPUT DROP <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">[0:0]</span>
:FORWARD DROP <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">[0:0]</span></pre>
<h3>
Log and Drop Spoofing Source Addresses</h3>
Append the following lines before final COMMIT line:<br />
<pre class="bash">-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">10.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">8</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP SPOOF "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">172.16</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">12</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP SPOOF "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">192.168</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">16</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP SPOOF "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">224.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">4</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP MULTICAST "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">240.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">5</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP SPOOF "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -d <span style="color: black;">127.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">8</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP LOOPBACK "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">169.254</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">16</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP MULTICAST "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">0.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">8</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">240.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">4</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">255.255</span><span style="color: black;">.255</span><span style="color: black;">.255</span>/<span style="color: black;">32</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">168.254</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">16</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP "</span>
-A INPUT -i eth0 -s <span style="color: black;">248.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">5</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"IP DROP "</span></pre>
<h3>
Log And Drop All Traffic</h3>
Find the lines:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT</pre>
Update it as follows:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j LOG
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j DROP
COMMIT</pre>
<h3>
Open Port</h3>
To open port 80 (Http server) add the following before COMMIT line:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT</pre>
To open port 53 (DNS Server) add the following before COMMIT line:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m udp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT</pre>
To open port 443 (Https server) add the following before COMMIT line:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT</pre>
To open port 25 (smtp server) add the following before COMMIT line:<br />
<pre class="ini">-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT</pre>
<h4>
Only allow SSH traffic From 192.168.1.0/24</h4>
<pre class="bash">-A RH-Firewall<span style="color: black;">-1</span>-INPUT -s <span style="color: black;">192.168</span><span style="color: black;">.1</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">24</span> -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport <span style="color: black;">22</span> -j ACCEPT</pre>
<h4>
Enable Printing Access For 192.168.1.0/24</h4>
<pre class="bash">-A RH-Firewall<span style="color: black;">-1</span>-INPUT -s <span style="color: black;">192.168</span><span style="color: black;">.1</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">24</span> -p udp -m udp --dport <span style="color: black;">631</span> -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall<span style="color: black;">-1</span>-INPUT -s <span style="color: black;">192.168</span><span style="color: black;">.1</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">24</span> -p tcp -m tcp --dport <span style="color: black;">631</span> -j ACCEPT</pre>
<h4>
Allow Legitimate NTP Clients to Access the Server</h4>
<pre class="bash">-A RH-Firewall<span style="color: black;">-1</span>-INPUT -s <span style="color: black;">192.168</span><span style="color: black;">.1</span><span style="color: black;">.0</span>/<span style="color: black;">24</span> -m state --state NEW -p udp --dport <span style="color: black;">123</span> -j ACCEPT</pre>
<h4>
Open FTP Port 21 (FTP)</h4>
<pre class="bash">-A RH-Firewall<span style="color: black;">-1</span>-INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport <span style="color: black;">21</span> -j ACCEPT</pre>
Save and close the file. Edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config, enter:<br />
<code># vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config</code><br />
Make sure ftp module is loaded with the space-separated list of modules:<br />
<pre class="bash"><span style="color: #007800;">IPTABLES_MODULES=</span><span style="color: red;">"ip_conntrack_ftp"</span></pre>
To restart firewall, type the following commands:<br />
<code># service iptables restart<br /> # iptables -vnL --line-numbers</code><br />
<h2>
Edit /etc/sysctl.conf For DoS and Syn Protection</h2>
Edit /etc/sysctl.conf to defend against certain types of attacks and append / update as follows:<br />
<pre class="bash">
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = <span style="color: black;">1</span>
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = <span style="color: black;">0</span>
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = <span style="color: black;">0</span>
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = <span style="color: black;">0</span>
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = <span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_messages = <span style="color: black;">1</span></span>
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = <span style="color: black;">1</span>
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = <span style="color: black;">1</span>
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = <span style="color: black;">1</span>
</pre>
See previous FAQ, "<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-kernel-etcsysctl-conf-security-hardening/">Linux Kernel /etc/sysctl.conf</a> Security Hardening" for more details.<br />
<h2>
Alternate Configuration Option</h2>
You can skip /etc/sysconfig/iptables file and create a shell script from scratch as follows:<br />
<pre class="bash"><span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># A sample firewall shell script</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">IPT=</span><span style="color: red;">"/sbin/iptables"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">SPAMLIST=</span><span style="color: red;">"blockedip"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">SPAMDROPMSG=</span><span style="color: red;">"BLOCKED IP DROP"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">SYSCTL=</span><span style="color: red;">"/sbin/sysctl"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">BLOCKEDIPS=</span><span style="color: red;">"/root/scripts/blocked.ips.txt"</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Stop certain attacks</span>
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> <span style="color: red;">"Setting sysctl IPv4 settings..."</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.<span style="color: #007800;">ip_forward=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">send_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.default.<span style="color: #007800;">send_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">accept_source_route=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">accept_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">secure_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">log_martians=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.default.<span style="color: #007800;">accept_source_route=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.default.<span style="color: #007800;">accept_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.default.<span style="color: #007800;">secure_redirects=</span><span style="color: black;">0</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.<span style="color: #007800;">icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.<span style="color: #007800;">icmp_ignore_bogus_error_messages=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span></span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.<span style="color: #007800;">tcp_syncookies=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.all.<span style="color: #007800;">rp_filter=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> net.ipv4.conf.default.<span style="color: #007800;">rp_filter=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> kernel.exec-<span style="color: #007800;">shield=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$SYSCTL</span> kernel.<span style="color: #007800;">randomize_va_space=</span><span style="color: black;">1</span>
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">echo</span> <span style="color: red;">"Starting IPv4 Firewall..."</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -F
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -X
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -t nat -F
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -t nat -X
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -t mangle -F
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -t mangle -X
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># load modules</span>
modprobe ip_conntrack
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">[</span> -f <span style="color: red;">"$BLOCKEDIPS"</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">]</span> && <span style="color: #007800;">BADIPS=</span>$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">(</span><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">egrep</span> -v -E <span style="color: red;">"^#|^$"</span> <span style="color: red;">"${BLOCKEDIPS}"</span><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">)</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># interface connected to the Internet</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">PUB_IF=</span><span style="color: red;">"eth0"</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#Unlimited traffic <span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">for</span> loopback</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># DROP all incomming traffic</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -P INPUT DROP
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -P OUTPUT DROP
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -P FORWARD DROP
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">[</span> -f <span style="color: red;">"${BLOCKEDIPS}"</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">]</span>;
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">then</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># create a new iptables list</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -N <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span>
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">for</span> ipblock <span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">in</span> <span style="color: #007800;">$BADIPS</span>
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">do</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span> -s <span style="color: #007800;">$ipblock</span> -j LOG --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"$SPAMDROPMSG "</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span> -s <span style="color: #007800;">$ipblock</span> -j DROP
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">done</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -I INPUT -j <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -I OUTPUT -j <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -I FORWARD -j <span style="color: #007800;">$SPAMLIST</span>
<span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">fi</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Block sync</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -m limit --limit <span style="color: black;">5</span>/m --limit-burst <span style="color: black;">7</span> -j LOG --log-level <span style="color: black;">4</span> --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"Drop Sync"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Block Fragments</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -f -m limit --limit <span style="color: black;">5</span>/m --limit-burst <span style="color: black;">7</span> -j LOG --log-level <span style="color: black;">4</span> --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"Fragments Packets"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -f -j DROP
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Block bad stuff</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL FIN,URG,PSH -j DROP
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -m limit --limit <span style="color: black;">5</span>/m --limit-burst <span style="color: black;">7</span> -j LOG --log-level <span style="color: black;">4</span> --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"NULL Packets"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP <span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># NULL packets</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -j DROP
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -m limit --limit <span style="color: black;">5</span>/m --limit-burst <span style="color: black;">7</span> -j LOG --log-level <span style="color: black;">4</span> --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"XMAS Packets"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -j DROP <span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#XMAS</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags FIN,ACK FIN -m limit --limit <span style="color: black;">5</span>/m --limit-burst <span style="color: black;">7</span> -j LOG --log-level <span style="color: black;">4</span> --log-prefix <span style="color: red;">"Fin Packets Scan"</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags FIN,ACK FIN -j DROP <span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># FIN packet scans</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL SYN,RST,ACK,FIN,URG -j DROP
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Allow full outgoing connection but no incomming stuff</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A OUTPUT -o <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Allow ssh</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">22</span> -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Allow http / https <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">(</span>open port <span style="color: black;">80</span> / <span style="color: black;">443</span><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">)</span></span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">80</span> -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -o <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">443</span> -j ACCEPT</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># allow incomming ICMP <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">ping</span> pong stuff</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p icmp --icmp-<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">type</span> <span style="color: black;">8</span> -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A OUTPUT -o <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p icmp --icmp-<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">type</span> <span style="color: black;">0</span> -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Allow port <span style="color: black;">53</span> tcp/udp <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">(</span>DNS Server<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">)</span></span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p udp --dport <span style="color: black;">53</span> -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A OUTPUT -o <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p udp --sport <span style="color: black;">53</span> -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">53</span> -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A OUTPUT -o <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --sport <span style="color: black;">53</span> -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Open port <span style="color: black;">110</span> <span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">(</span>pop3<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">)</span> / <span style="color: black;">143</span></span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">110</span> -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> -p tcp --destination-port <span style="color: black;">143</span> -j ACCEPT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">##### Add your rules below ######</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">#</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;">##### END your rules ############</span>
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># Do not log smb/windows sharing packets - too much logging</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -p tcp -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> --dport <span style="color: black;">137</span>:<span style="color: black;">139</span> -j REJECT
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -p udp -i <span style="color: #007800;">$<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">{</span>PUB_IF<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">}</span></span> --dport <span style="color: black;">137</span>:<span style="color: black;">139</span> -j REJECT
<span style="color: grey; font-style: italic;"># log everything <span style="color: black; font-weight: bold;">else</span> and drop</span>
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -j LOG
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A FORWARD -j LOG
<span style="color: #007800;">$IPT</span> -A INPUT -j DROP
<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">exit</span> <span style="color: black;">0</span></pre>
<pre class="bash"><span style="color: black;"> </span></pre>
<pre class="bash"><span style="color: black;">Authors <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-fedorta-linux-iptables-firewall-configuration-tutorial/" target="_blank">www.cybercity.biz</a> </span></pre>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-22704287305365386972012-03-28T23:41:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:53:56.852-07:00Firefox vs Chrome vs Internet Explorer<div class="first">
One of the tech industry's fiercest arguments for the last 15 years has been which <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/101309-browser-choice.html">Web browser</a> rules the desktop. Now the pitch of the browser argument is getting louder — and more vendors are piping up — as the browser
battle migrates from desktops to smartphones.
</div>
<a href="http://www.networkworld.com/slideshows/2009/100709-web-browser.html">Browser that launched an industry turns 15 </a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_navigator">Netscape Navigator</a>, the first popular browser, launched the Internet industry in October 1994 by allowing average users to view text and images
posted on Web sites. Less than a year later, Microsoft entered the fray by bundling the free <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> browser into its Windows operating system. Within two years, Microsoft was the leading browser manufacturer, and Netscape
was on the decline, prompting anti-trust investigations in the United States and Europe.
<br />
The browser market was shaken up again in 2004, when Netscape's browser was reborn as open software called Firefox, which
is distributed by the Mozilla. Firefox continues to be a favorite among tech-savvy users because of its speed, and it remains
the toughest competitor that Microsoft faces in the browser arena. Firefox 4, due for release in 2010, will feature <a href="https://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/051110-mozilla-wants-to-make-firefox.html">performance enhancements</a> designed to make it even speedier.
<br />
A third contender joined the browser argument in 2008, when Google introduced its open source Chrome browser. The latest version
is Chrome 5.0, which was released as beta code in May 2010. Chrome 5.0 competes against Internet Explorer in the <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/050510-new-chrome-browser-fastest-google.html">speed department</a> and supports emerging standards such as <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/061609-html-5-could-it-kill.html">HTML5</a>.
<br />
IE8, the current version of Internet Explorer, is considered to be the best browser when it comes to thwarting <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/58644">malware</a>, according to a March 2010 report. But IE8's anti-malware feature also introduces some <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/042010-microsoft-slates-june-update-to.html">security risks</a> that will be patched in June 2010. <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/030910-microsoft-seeks-browser-comeback.html?page=1">A preview of IE9</a> was released in May 2010, but the software isn't due out until 2011.
<br />
As of April 2010, Internet Explorer retained 60% of overall <a href="http://www.netmarketshare.com/browser-market-share.aspx?qprid=0">browser market share</a>, followed by 25% for Firefox and 7% for Chrome, according to Netmarketshare.com.
<br />
Which vendor will win the browser argument? Perhaps, it will be none of these vendors because today's best-selling smartphones
use alternative browsers. Symbian devices from Nokia and others typically use their own browsers or an alternative from <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/041510-opera-mini-for-iphone-hits.html">Opera Software</a>. The iPhone uses Apple's own <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/031210-apple-plugs-16-holes-in.html">Safari browser</a>. Google's <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/052010-google-rolls-out-android-os.html?hpg1=bn366">Android</a>
operating system for mobile devices has its own browser with Adobe
Flash 10.1 support. And RIM's BlackBerry has a new-and-improved
<a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/021610-rim-intros-new-blackberry-browser.html">browser</a> that stems from its acquisition of Torch Mobile.
<br />
With all these new entrants into the market, the browser argument is likely to remain just as fierce and just as loud in the
future.<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/060710-tech-argument-browsers.html" target="_blank">networkworld </a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-48737013786116599402012-03-22T23:19:00.000-07:002012-07-11T22:52:08.439-07:00Cloud Server vs Dedicated ServerThe time for traditional dedicated server has passed. New
revolutionary server virtualization and cloud computing technologies
deliver Cloud Servers that perform and behave exactly like a dedicated
server. However, cloud servers are more reliable, scalable, offer more
management features, and simply clost less. Not all cloud service
providers offer the same type of cloud servers as vServer Center's cloud
servers. vServer Center is well known for its cloud servers' high
performance, super reliable design, and rich features. The following
chart contains 16 feature to feature comparisons of vServer Center's
Enterprise Class cloud servers with majority of dedicated servers on the
market today.<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="tdpadded"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cloud Servers</b></span></td>
<td class="tdpadded"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Dedicated Servers </b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Operating System</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Dedicated Operating System;<br />
Support dozens of operating systems</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Dedicated Operating System;<br />
New hardware may not work well with old operating systems and device drivers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Software Applications</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Server owners can remotely install and manage any compatible software application</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Server owners can remotely install and manage any compatible software application</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Administrative Access</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Root access for Unix Servers. Administrative access for Windows Servers</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Root access for Unix Servers. Administrative access for Windows Servers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Remote OS Install</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Yes</td>
<td class="tdpadded">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Remote OS Reinstall</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Yes</td>
<td class="tdpadded">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Remote Server Console Access</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Yes</td>
<td class="tdpadded">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Remote Reboot a freezing Server</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Yes</td>
<td class="tdpadded">No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Server Snapshots </b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">You can take a server snapshot first, then make
changes to the server. If unexpected things happen after the change, a
simple click of revert snapshot will get your server back to the
original state.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">No snapshot feature.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Server Performance</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Perform better than low end or average dedicated servers.<br />
See <a href="http://www.vservercenter.com/vmware-performance">VMware Performance</a> Benchmarks test scores.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">High end expensive dedicated servers perform better than most cloud servers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Data redundancy</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Dual parity disks (RAID 6) plus two hot standby disks</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Lots of dedicated servers are on a single disk.
Some dedicated servers are on a single parity disk (RAID 5) with no hot
standby disk.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Server redundancy</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">If a physical server fails, HA enabled cloud servers will be automatically switched to other live physical servers.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">If a dedicated server fails, you will need to build a new server, reinstall OS, and restore data from backups.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Power redundancy</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Cloud servers run on a computing resource pool
which is served by redundant power PDUs, redundant power UPSes,
redundant power generators, and redundant power grids (not all data
centers were built this way).</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Most dedicated servers have a single power supply.
Some dedicated servers have dual power supplies but they are on a single
power PDU.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Hardware resource scaling</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">Can add CPU power and disk space while the server is running.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">Have to shutdown the dedicated server and causing downtime when upgrading CPU or disk space.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Hardware upgrade</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">When upgrade to a newer more powerful server, no
need to reinstall OS or devices drivers. The same cloud server can run
on different hardware.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">When upgrade to a newer more powerful server, need to reinstall OS and device drivers.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Disaster Recovery</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">If your cloud server fails and is unrecoverable,
you can simply power on the cloud server backup image. Your cloud server
will be back and running in a few minutes.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">If your dedicated server fails and is
unrecoverable, you will need to reinstall OS, restore files and
databases from backups which can take many hours.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tdpadded"><b>Costs</b></td>
<td class="tdpadded">$29/month to $199/month.</td>
<td class="tdpadded">$99/month to $1500/month.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://www.vservercenter.com/dedicated-server" target="_blank">vservercenter.com</a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-5976671491090224792012-02-15T23:05:00.000-08:002012-07-11T22:51:26.590-07:00Configuration Storage Area Network with iSCSI<h2>
<b>Introduction</b></h2>
As storage requirements continue to grow, external storage is
becoming increasingly popular. While the simplest way to deal with this
growing demand is to attach an external hard drive via USB, many users
demand more power and flexibility; for example, the ability to provide
storage over a network, or divide storage for various uses. For this,
SAN, or Storage Area Network, is the most powerful tool available, and
iSCSI is a free and common way to create a SAN.<br />
This article will discuss how to create a simple Storage Area Network with a file server presenting storage to another machine.<br />
<h2>
<b>Some SCSI Terminology</b></h2>
If you are already familiar with SCSI, you can skip this section.
Otherwise, give it a read before you continue. I will be using these
terms extensively throughout the rest of the article.<br />
<b>Target</b> - Your iSCSI Target server is the server
that physically has the storage, and is presenting it over the network
to the initiator. Essentially, your fileserver is your target.<b></b><br />
<b>Initiator</b> - The initiator is the machine on which
the target’s storage will be mounted and used, over the network. This
is your HTPC, your workstation, laptop, etc..<b><br />
</b><br />
<b>LUN</b> – I will be calling any unit of storage shared
over iSCSI a LUN. LUN actually stands for Logical Unit Number, or the
number assigned to this unit of storage. It is a logical unit (as
opposed to a physical unit), so an entire RAID array, a single
partition, even a file, can become a LUN and used for storage.<br />
<h2>
<b>Setting up the Target</b></h2>
The first step is to setup your storage server with the necessary
software. You’ll have to install the iscsitarget daemon, which can be
installed on Ubuntu/Debian systems with the command:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo apt-get install iscsitarget</div>
Once that’s installed, it’s necessary to do some configuration in the
/etc/ietd.conf file to specify what you want to share over the
network. You can share a block device (e.g, a hard disk, a partition), a
RAID array, an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_%28Linux%29" title="Wikipedia Article on LVM">LVM device</a>,
or even a file (this file can be an ISO of a DVD, or just some empty
file you’ve created to act as an independant storage device. I’ll talk
more about this later). Here, I will be sharing a Linux MD device (a
software RAID device) as well as a 50GB file.<br />
<h4>
Configuring /etc/ietd.conf</h4>
The ietd.conf file usually comes with some examples, but they’re
confusing and not all that helpful. It’s easier to just write your
iSCSI target lines at the bottom, by hand. The /etc/ietd.conf file is
only readable and editable by root, so open it with your favorite text
editor, for example “gedit”, like so:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo gedit /etc/ietd.conf</div>
For my setup, sharing a single MD device and a single file, I added the following lines to my configuration file:<br />
<code>Target iqn.2009-01.voyager:storage.homeShare<br />
Lun 0 Path=/dev/md0,Type=blockio<br />
Lun 1 Path=/root/fiftyGBFile,Type=fileio</code><br />
That’s all that I needed to configure in this file. Obviously yours will be different; here is what the lines mean:<br />
<code>Target iqn.2009-01.voyager:storage.homeShare</code><br />
This defines an iSCSI target, as discussed above in the terminology
section. The “iqn…” part is the target’s name, which must be unique.
The name takes the format:<br />
<code>iqn.YYYY-MM.[domainname]:[unique identifier]</code><br />
YYYY-MM is the year and month that the target becomes valid, so it is the current year and month.<br />
The domain name is the name of the machine on the network; if you are
sharing over the internet, you will want to use your actual domain name
(in reverse order, so com.example instead of example.com). If you are
just sharing over your home network, you only need to specify your
hostname.<br />
Finally, specify a unique identifier for this target. I used
“storage.homeShare”, because this is the share for my home. You may
chose something more descriptive, such as “mediaTarget” or
“remote.backupServer”.<br />
The next two lines specify which LUNs are shared through this target, starting with 0. You must define a path and a type.<br />
<code> Lun 0 Path=/dev/md0,Type=blockio</code><br />
In this example I am specifying /dev/md0 which is a 2TB software RAID
volume, and /root/fifty50GBFile, which is a blank file I created using
the command:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/fiftyGBFile bs=512K count=102400</div>
Of course, for files you could have chosen (for example) an ISO or
IMG file, to be mounted by the iSCSI initiator as-is. In this case, I
created a blank file because I plan to write a filesystem to it and use
it as a backup device. Then, this file will contain an ext3 filesystem
which can be mounted by any computer to access my backups, as opposed to
having a physical disk for backup.<br />
The Type= line determines how iSCSI will treat writing to the
device. In my case, I want to treat my RAID device using blockio, but
the file I created using fileio. If in doubt, use fileio, or read more
about these two options in the manual for iscsi.<br />
Once you have finished editing your ietd.conf file, save it and restart the iscsitarget daemon, for the changes to load:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo /etc/init.d/iscsitarget restart</div>
Now you are ready to move on to the initiator, who will receive the storage from the target.<br />
<h2>
<b>Setting up the Initiator</b></h2>
The first thing to do is install the initiator software, which is the
open-iscsi package. In Debian/Ubuntu Linux, this can be done with the
command:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo apt-get install open-iscsi</div>
Next, you will need to make sure it is started:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo /etc/init.d/open-iscsi start</div>
Now, you need the initiator software to “discover” any iSCSI devices
being shared by your storage server. To do this, simply run:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo iscsi_discovery -d [server IP address]</div>
If everything is setup correctly, the iscsi_discovery tool will report back that it has found a target. For example:<br />
<code>jdeprizi@enterprise:~$ sudo iscsi_discovery -d 192.168.0.6<br />
Set target iqn.2009-01.voyager:storage.homeShare to automatic login over iser to portal 192.168.0.6:3260<br />
discovered 1 targets at 192.168.0.6, connected to 1<br />
</code><br />
To verify that it worked correctly, you can run the command:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
cat /proc/scsi/scsi</div>
If all has gone as planned, you will see one “VIRTUAL DISK” for each
LUN you created. To see where these devices have shown up on your
system, use the command:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
cat /proc/partitions</div>
In my case, I have created two LUNs; so I see two “VIRTUAL DISKS” of LUN 0 and LUN 1:<br />
<pre>Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: IET Model: VIRTUAL-DISK Rev: 0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 04
Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 01
Vendor: IET Model: VIRTUAL-DISK Rev: 0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 04</pre>
And when I view /proc/partitions, I see my devices at sdc and sdd:<br />
<code> 8 32 1953524992 sdc<br />
8 48 52428800 sdd</code><br />
<h2>
<b>Controlling the devices</b></h2>
Finally, you are ready to use your iSCSI shared devices. You can
treat them like you would a normal disk attached to your system, which
is the real power of this technology. You can create a filesystem on
them, even partition them into smaller pieces, as you would a physical
hard drive.<br />
This is mostly outside the scope of this article, but for a quick
demonstration, if I were to format the 50GB LUN (sdd on my initiator) as
ext3 and mount it, I could do:<br />
<div class="linuxCommand">
sudo /sbin/mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdd
sudo mount /dev/sdd /media/backupdrive</div>
<h2>
<b>Conclusion</b></h2>
Using iSCSI technology to create a simple Storage Area Network isn’t
the easiest task imaginable, but it really isn’t too hard, especially
for a basic home setup. Sharing the devices over gigabit ethernet means
file transfers are fast enough that you can use your network shares as
if they are local, and, with iSCSI/SAN, you can treat them that way,
too: creating partitions, writing individual file systems, and mounting
them as their own devices.<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://techthrob.com/2009/03/07/iscsi-101-setting-up-a-simple-iscsi-storage-area-network/" target="_blank">techthrob.com</a>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8223600105121406796.post-6001697748552238802012-01-29T23:29:00.000-08:002012-07-11T22:50:30.239-07:00Installing Exchange 2010 Step-by-Step<div class="articleContent">
This is the second part of a two part series on Microsoft
Exchange 2010. In the first article we examined the changes and
enhancements in Exchange 2010. This time we'll walk through the steps
required to install a fully functional Exchange 2010 server on Windows
Server 2008 R2.<br />
<h3>
System Requirements</h3>
</div>
<div class="articleContent">
First, you need to make sure that your Active Directory (AD) environment and your Exchange server meet the minimum requirements:<br />
<ul>
<li>AD forest functional level is Windows Server 2003 (or higher)
</li>
<li>AD Schema Master is running Windows Server 2003 w/SP1 or later
</li>
<li>Full installation of Windows Server 2008 w/SP2 or later OR Windows Server 2008 R2 for the Exchange server itself
</li>
<li>Exchange server is joined to the domain (except for the Edge Transport server role)
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
Prerequisites</h3>
In this example we are going to install Exchange 2010 on a Windows
Server 2008 R2 operating system. Before installing Exchange we need to
install some Windows components. It's important that you don't miss
anything here because the Exchange 2010 installer does not provide very
good feedback if Server 2008 R2 is missing required components.<br />
<ol>
<li>Install the <a href="http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=137042" target="_new">2007 Office System Converter: Microsoft Filter Pack</a>
</li>
<li>Add the appropriate Windows components/features
<ol type="a">
<li>Open PowerShell via the icon on the task bar or Start >>
All Programs >> Accessories >> Windows PowerShell >>
Windows PowerShell. Be sure that PowerShell opened with an account that
has rights to install Windows components/features.
</li>
<li>Run the following command: <code>Import-Module ServerManager</code>
</li>
<li>For a typical install with the Client Access, Hub Transport, and Mailbox roles run the following command: <code>
Add-WindowsFeature
NET-Framework,RSAT-ADDS,Web-Server,Web-Basic-Auth,Web-Windows-Auth,Web-Metabase,Web-Net-Ext,Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console,WAS-Process-Model,RSAT-Web-Server,Web-ISAPI-Ext,Web-Digest-Auth,Web-Dyn-Compression,NET-HTTP-Activation,RPC-Over-HTTP-Proxy
-Restart</code>. For a full matrix of the required Windows components with regards to the Exchange server roles see: <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354.aspx#WS08R2" target="_new">http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354.aspx#WS08R2</a>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>If your Exchange server will have the Client Access Server role set the Net.Tcp Port Sharing Service to start automatically
<ol type="a">
<li>Open PowerShell via the icon on the task bar or Start >> All
Programs >> Accessories >> Windows PowerShell >>
Windows PowerShell. Be sure that PowerShell opened with an account that
has rights to modify service startup settings.
</li>
<li>Run the following command: <code>Set-Service NetTcpPortSharing -StartupType Automatic</code>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="Setting up Microsoft Exchange 2010" src="http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/img/2010/04/exch2010_setup.jpg" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 1.5em; width: 400;" />
</div>
<h3>
Exchange 2010 Installation</h3>
Now we're ready to run the Exchange 2010 installer. We'll go through
a typical installation that includes the Client Access, Hub Transport,
and Mailbox roles. This is what you will want to install if you are
only going to be running one Exchange server. If you scale out your
Exchange architecture with multiple servers then you will want to
familiarize yourself with the Exchange server roles for a proper
deployment.<br />
<ol>
<li>Logon to the desktop of your soon to be Exchange server with a Domain Admin account.
</li>
<li>Run setup from the Exchange 2010 media.
</li>
<li>Click on "Step 3: Choose Exchange language option" and
choose one of the options (Install only languages from the DVD will be
fine in most cases).
</li>
<li>Click on "Step 4: Install Microsoft Exchange."
</li>
<li>Click Next at the Introduction page.
</li>
<li>Accept the license terms and click Next.
</li>
<li>Make a selection on the Error Reporting page and click Next.
</li>
<li>Stick with the default "Typical Exchange Server Installation" and click Next.
</li>
<li>Choose a name for your Exchange Organization and click Next.
</li>
<li>Make a selection on the Client Settings page and click Next.
</li>
<li>If you want your Exchange server to be available externally then choose a <a class="itxtrst itxtrsta itxthook" href="http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/datacenter/Installing-Exchange-2010-Step-by-Step-3877601.htm#" id="itxthook0" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 0.075em solid darkgreen; color: darkgreen; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; padding-bottom: 1px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxthookspan" id="itxthook0w0" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: darkgreen; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">domain</span><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxthookspan" id="itxthook0w1" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: darkgreen; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"> </span><span class="itxtrst itxtrstspan itxthookspan" id="itxthook0w2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: darkgreen; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">name</span></a> such as mail.myorganization.com, click Next.
</li>
<li>Make a selection on the Customer Experience Improvement Program page and click Next.
</li>
<li>If all the prerequisites are there then you can click Install.
</li>
<li>Grab a cup of coffee or take a walk while the installation process does its thing.
</li>
<li>When the installation has finished go back to the Exchange
installation page click on "Step 5: Get critical updates for Microsoft
Exchange."
</li>
<li>Install Microsoft Update (if necessary) so that Windows
update will check for non-OS updates, and verify that there are no
Exchange updates. </li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><div class="articleContent">
<h3>
Post Installation Steps</h3>
Now that you have Exchange 2010 installed, you will need to do some
basic configuration in the Exchange Management console to get mail
flowing to/from your server.<br />
<ol>
<li>Open the Exchange Management Console via Start >> All
Programs >> Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 >> Exchange
Management Console
</li>
<li>Expand Microsoft Exchange On-Premises so you can see:
Organization Configuration, Server Configuration, Recipient
Configuration, and Toolbox
</li>
<li>Under Organization Configuration >> Hub Transport
>> Accepted Domains add a new Accepted Domain for the domain you
wish to use for email addresses. For example, your AD domain will be
listed by default (i.e. ad.myorganization.com). You will probably want
to add "myorganization.com" as an Authoritative Domain.
</li>
<li>Under Organization Configuration >> Hub Transport
>> Send Connectors >> New Send Connector ... >> Pick
a name such as "MyOrganization Internet Send Connector" >> change
the drop down to "Internet" >> Next >> Add ... >>
enter "*" in the Address field and check the box to include all
subdomains >> OK >> Next. Now, if you want your Exchange
server to route mail directly, then click Next on the Network setting
page, but if you want to route your email through an upstream provider
then select "Route mail through the following smart hosts" and Add ... a
mail gateway such as smtp.comcast.net. Click Next >> Next
>> Next >> New
</li>
<li>Under Server Configuration >> Hub Transport
>> Right-click Default *** >> Properties >> Permission
Groups tab, check the box for Anonymous users. This will allow your
Exchange server to accept incoming mail delivery from remote mail
servers.
</li>
<li>Under Recipient Configuration >> Mailbox, create mailboxes for your existing AD users (or create a new user & mailbox)
<ol type="a">
<li>New Mailbox ... >> select User Mailbox >> Next
>> Existing users >> Add ... >> select an existing AD
account >> OK >> Next >> specify an alias (e.g. the
AD user name) >> Next >> New
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>If you want to use an SSL certificate for Outlook Web App,
IMAP, POP, etc. click on Server Configuration and import or create the
certificate
</li>
</ol>
<h3>
Mail Routing Configuration</h3>
</div>
<div class="articleContent">
Now the final piece you need to configure to receive mail
is your external DNS records. The method for configuring your DNS
records will depend on whether you host your own DNS or have a provider
that hosts it for you. Either way you will need to create an "A" record
that points mail.myorganization.com to the IP address of your mail
server, and an "MX" record that points myorganization.com to
mail.myorganization.com. You will also want to make sure that port 25
is open both inbound and outbound to your Exchange server.<br />
<h3>
Conclusion</h3>
That's it! You should now be able to browse to
https://mail.myorganization.com/owa (or https://localhost/owa from the
server) and logon via the Web interface to send and receive mail!<br />
<br />
Authors <a href="http://www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com/datacenter/Installing-Exchange-2010-Step-by-Step-3877601.htm" target="_blank">www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com </a></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>PondokLukmanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15986546077327220882noreply@blogger.com0